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Bone-Marrow-Derived Cell Therapies in Stroke: Immunomodulatory Effects

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Cellular and Molecular Approaches to Regeneration and Repair

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

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Abstract

Cell therapies have attracted significant attention in treating multiple neurological disorders including stroke. The preclinical studies have paved the road in understanding the potential clinical applications of cell therapies in stroke recovery. Cells can be obtained from multiple sources and transplanted through different routes. Animal and human studies suggest that cell therapies exert their effect via paracrine and immunomodulatory effects rather than physically replacing the damaged cells. Clinical studies are still in the early phases but show safety and feasibility and some hints at efficacy.

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Abbreviations

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

APCs:

Antigen presenting cells

DAMPs:

Danger-associated molecular pattern molecules

GABA:

gamma-Aminobutyric acid

IA:

Intra-arterial

IL:

Interleukin

INF:

Interferon

IP:

IFN-γ-inducible protein

IV:

Intravenous

MAPC:

Multipotent adult progenitor cells

MCP:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MIP:

Macrophage inflammatory protein

miRNA:

microRNA

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinases

MNC:

Mononuclear cells

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NIHSS:

National Institute of Health Stroke Scale

RANTES:

Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

r-tPA:

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

SCID:

Severe combined immunodeficiency

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th street, BI 3076, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA

    Laith Maali & David C. Hess M.D.

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  1. Laith Maali
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  2. David C. Hess M.D.
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Correspondence to David C. Hess M.D. .

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  1. Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, AHSP, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Paul A. Lapchak

  2. Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

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Maali, L., Hess, D.C. (2018). Bone-Marrow-Derived Cell Therapies in Stroke: Immunomodulatory Effects. In: Lapchak, P., Zhang, J. (eds) Cellular and Molecular Approaches to Regeneration and Repair. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_9

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