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Bacterial Utilization of Acephate and Buprofezin

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Book cover Insecticides−Soil Microbiota Interactions

Abstract

Microorganisms are capable of utilizing insecticides as sources of carbon and energy in contaminated environment. The ability to have high growth rates, metabolic flexibility, and adaptability to suitable niches provide competitive advantages to pollutant-degrading microorganisms under conditions of varied nutrient availability, or even low nutrient condition. If a substance can be attacked by microorganisms, it will eventually disappear from the soil. Such a loss through biodegradation in soil is usually desirable because toxic accumulations of the compounds need to be avoided. However, even closely related compounds may differ remarkably in their degradability. The organisms that are able to metabolize pesticides are fairly diverse, including several genera of both bacteria and fungi. Some pesticides can serve as both carbon and energy sources, and are oxidized completely to CO2 in a catabolic process. Other compounds are much more recalcitrant and are utlized only slightly or not at all, although they may often be degraded partially or totally provided some other organic material is present as primary energy source, a phenomenon (‘co-metabolism’) often results in complete microbial degradation of the pesticides and subsequent transient accumulation of some of its metabolites. However, microorganisms that initiate cometabolic degradation processes obtain no benefit from their activities, and thus, this process is often termed ‘incidental degradation’. Nonetheless, in any pesticide contaminated environment, if a chemical dominates, indigenous microflora are adversely affected with a concomitant loss of soil fertility, or else, microflora dominate, contaminant disappears in the environment which eventually leads to improvement of soil fertility. In the present chapter, we have provided general information on the utilization of OP insecticides by soil microorganisms, with special emphasis on a bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.) isolated from soil following selective enrichment, and growth response of this isolate in culture medium supplemented with the insecticides under different cultural conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. East Campus, School of Environment Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Naga Raju Maddela

  2. Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, AP, India

    Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

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  1. Naga Raju Maddela
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  2. Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
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Maddela, N.R., Venkateswarlu, K. (2018). Bacterial Utilization of Acephate and Buprofezin. In: Insecticides−Soil Microbiota Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66589-4_10

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