Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Civil War, Development and Economic Globalisation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Civil War and Uncivil Development

Part of the book series: Rethinking Political Violence ((RPV))

  • 614 Accesses

Abstract

This Chapter provides an introduction to the book, detailing the progress of security and development studies during the 1990s and 2000s. The core topic area that the book investigates – namely, the economic consequences of civil war – is then introduced. The idea that civil wars inevitably lead to economic decline, a pervasive assumption within the relevant literature, is challenged and this chapter asks an uneasy question: ‘Can violence in civil wars facilitate economic development and integration into the global economy?’ This chapter then discusses key concepts (namely, globalisation, civil war and economic development) and discusses a critical theoretical framework for studying security and development. Methods (particularly process tracing) are also outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Discussions of the liberal peace pre-date the post-Cold War period; for a recent discussion on the liberal peace and its critics, see Richmond and Mac Ginty (2015).

  2. 2.

    For instance, see Buhaug and Rød 2006; Hegre et al. 2009: 598; Østby et al. 2009. For studies, see Collier et al. 2003; Fearon and Laitin 2003a; Fearon 2004; PITF 2003; Barbieri and Reuveny 2005; Krause and Suzuki 2005; PMSU 2005; Blattman and Miguel 2010.

  3. 3.

    There are a number of examples that could be given here. Nevertheless, three particularly high-impact conflict-orientated journals include International Security (ranked 1 out of 85 international relations journals in 2014), The Journal of Peace Research (2/85) and The Journal of Conflict Resolution (15/85).

  4. 4.

    Other examples include the IMF and the OECD.

  5. 5.

    Reports from the American Political Instability Task Force (PITF 2003) and the UK’s Prime Minister Strategy Unit (PMSU 2005) are good examples.

  6. 6.

    For example, Hegre et al. 2003; Tures 2003; PITF 2003; Barbieri and Reuveny 2005; Krause and Suzuki 2005; PMSU 2005; Blanton and Apodaca 2007; Bussmann and Schneider 2007; Elbadaw and Hegre 2008; Martin et al. 2008.

  7. 7.

    A term which includes ‘all economic activities carried out in wartime’ (Pugh and Cooper 2004: 8).

  8. 8.

    See also Gutiérrez Sanín 2009; Di John 2010.

  9. 9.

    It is worth pointing out that some of the scholars who this book considers to fall into the prominent set of civil war scholarship do accept that some groups economically benefit from civil war. However, this body of scholarship does not acknowledge that actors who are central to global capitalism can also benefit. This is discussed in more detail in Chap. 2.

  10. 10.

    Indeed, the process is often referred to as neo-liberal economic globalisation.

  11. 11.

    It is possible to identify differences between classical liberalism and neo-liberalism . For example, differences between classical liberal and neo-liberal understandings of the individual and his/her relationship to the state and market can be elucidated (for example, see Apple 2004). Similarly, there is a difference in the ways in which classical liberals and neo-liberals focus on economic activity. That is to say, both share a general idea of Homo Economicus, but classical liberalism focuses on exchange between individuals, while neo-liberalism focuses on entrepreneurship and competition (for example, Foucault 2008: 147, 225–6; for an excellent summary, see Read 2009).

  12. 12.

    For instance, this book does not engage in any great detail with ontological debates regarding the concept of ‘civil war’ or provide a critique of the current power–knowledge structures in this regard. For a good overview, see Jackson (2014).

  13. 13.

    Pertinent to this book, in addition to Historical Materialism discussed in this chapter, Chap. 6 discusses the critical realist approach to the philosophy of science and the study of civil war. For a discussion on employing critical realism in the study of civil war, see van Ingen (2016). For a discussion on combining critical realism and Historical Materialism in the context of Critical Terrorism Studies, see Herring and Stokes (2011).

  14. 14.

    For Harvey (2003: 144), the ongoing nature of violent capital accumulation thus renders the use of ‘primitive’ or ‘original’ accumulation as peculiar. Harvey proceeds to ‘substitute these terms by the concept of “accumulation by dispossession”’.

  15. 15.

    For example, Buhaug and Lujala 2005; Buhaug and Rød 2006; Buhaug et al. 2008, 2009a, b; Østby 2008; Cederman et al. 2009; Cederman and Gleditsch 2009; Raleigh and Hegre 2009; Hegre et al. 2009; Østby et al. 2009; Rustad et al. 2009.

  16. 16.

    As Chap. 3 notes, Colombia is made up of 32 departments, which are further divided into 1,119 municipalities.

References

  • Apple, Michael W. 2004. Creating difference: Neo-liberalism, neo-conservatism and the politics of educational reform. Educational Policy 18 (1): 12–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballentine, Karen, and Jake Sherman. 2003. Introduction. In The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance, ed. Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman, 1–15. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, Katherine, and Rafael Reuveny. 2005. Economic globalization and civil war. The Journal of Politics 67 (4): 1228–1247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barkawi, Tarak. 2005. Globalization and war. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beach, Derek, and Rasmus Brun Pedersen. 2013. Process-tracing methods: Foundations and guidelines. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016. Causal case study methods: Foundations and guidelines for comparing, matching and tracing. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, Peter. 2012. There’s something about Mary Anastasia O’Grady. NACLA. http://nacla.org/blog/2012/6/11/theres-something-about-mary-anastasia-ogrady. Accessed 15 Dec 2016.

  • Bennett, Andrew, and Jeffrey T. Checkel. 2015. Process tracing: From philosophical roots to best practices. In Process tracing: From metaphor to analytical tool, ed. Andrew Bennett and Jeffrey T. Checkel, 3–37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berdal, Mats. 2003. How ‘new’ are ‘new wars’? Global economic change and war in the early 21st century. Global Governance 9 (4): 477–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berdal, Mats, and David Malone. 2000. Introduction. In Greed and grievance: Economic agendas in civil wars, ed. Mats Berdal and David Malone, 1–15. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birch, Kean, and Vlad Mykhnenko. 2010. Introduction: A world the right way up. In The rise and fall of neo-liberalism: The collapse of an economic order? ed. Kean Birch and Vlad Mykhnenko, 1–20. London: Zed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanton, Robert G., and Clair Apodaca. 2007. Economic globalization and violent civil conflict: Is openness a pathway to peace? The Social Science Journal 44: 599–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blattman, Christopher, and Edward Miguel. 2010. Civil war. Journal of Economic Literature 48 (1): 3–57. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhaug, Halvard, and Jan Ketil Rød. 2006. Local determinants of African civil wars, 1970–2001. Political Geography 25: 315–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhaug, Halvard, Lars-Erik Cederman, and Jan Ketil Rød. 2008. Disaggregating ethno-nationalist civil wars: A dyadic test of exclusion theory. International Organization 62 (Summer): 531–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhaug, Halvard, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Helge Holtermann, and Gudrun Østby. 2009a. Poverty, inequality, and conflict: Using within-country variation to evaluate competing hypotheses, Presented at 50th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhaug, Halvard, Scott Gates, and Päivi Lujala. 2009b. Geography, rebel capability, and the duration of civil conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (4): 544–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bussmann, Margit, and Indra de Soysa. 2006. How taxing is trade? Globalization, state capacity, & civil war, Working paper as part of the polarization and conflict project, European Commission-DG Research Sixth Framework Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussmann, Margit, and Gerald Schneider. 2007. When globalization discontent turns violent: Foreign economic liberalization and internal war. International Studies Quarterly 51 (1): 79–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cater, Charles. 2003. The political economy of conflict and UN intervention: Rethinking the critical cases of Africa. In The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance, ed. Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman, 19–46. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2009. Introduction to special issue on disaggregating civil wars. Journal of Conflict Resolution: 487–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederman, Lars-Erik, Luc Girardin, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2009. Ethno-nationalist triads: Assessing the influence of kin groups on civil wars. World Politics 61 (3): 403–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular (CINEP). 2008. Marco conceptual: Banco de datos de derechos humanos y violencia política. Bogotá: CINEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. n.d. Banco de datos de derechos humanos y violencia política del CINEP [online database]. Available from http://www.nocheyniebla.org/. Accessed 12 Sept 2012.

  • CERAC. n.d. Database of the armed conflict in Colombia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Checkel, Jeffrey T. 2013. Transnational dynamics of civil war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • CODHES. 2011. De la seguridad a la prosperidad democrática en medio del conflicto. In Codhes Informa: Boletín de la Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento. Bogotá: CODHES.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, Benjamin J. 2008. International political economy: An intellectual history. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, Paul. 2000. Doing well out of war. In Greed and grievance: Economic agendas in civil wars, ed. Mats Berdal and David Malone, 91–111. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, David. 2011. Understanding process tracing. Political Science & Politics 44 (4): 823–830. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909651100142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collier, Paul, Lani Elliot, Håvard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. 2003. Breaking the conflict trap: Civil war and development policy. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colombia Defenders, 2009. Climate of fear: Colombian human rights defenders under threat. n.p.: Colombia Defenders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, Robert. 1981. Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond international relations theory. Millennium 10 (2): 126–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298810100020501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1996. Approaches to world order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, Christopher. 2002a. War, peace and capitalism. In Anti-capitalism: A marxist introduction, ed. Alfredo Saad Filho, 152–163. London: Pluto.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002b. Homo economicus goes to war: Methodological individualism, rational choice and the political economy of war. World Development 30 (11): 1845–1864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003. Does inequality cause conflict? Journal of International Development 15 (4): 397–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. Angola and the theory of war. In Is violence inevitable in Africa? Theories of conflict and approaches to conflict prevention, ed. Patrick Chabal, Ulf Engel, and Anna-Maria Gentili, 17–34. Leiden: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006. Civil war is not a stupid thing: Accounting for violence in developing countries. London: Hurst & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cryan, Phillip. 2004. The WSJ’s Paranoid Lens on Latin America. Counterpunch. https://www.counterpunch.org/2004/02/24/the-wsj-s-paranoid-lens-on-latin-america/. Accessed 15 Dec 2016.

  • Di John, Jonathan. 2010. The concept, causes and consequences of failed states: A critical review of the literature and agenda for research with specific reference to sub-Saharan Africa. European Journal of Development Research 22: 10–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duffield, Mark. 2000. Globalization, transborder trade, and war economies. In Greed and grievance: Economic agendas in civil wars, ed. Mats Berdal and David Malone, 69–89. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2001. Global governance and the new wars: The merging of development and security. London: Zed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, Thad. 2015. Improving process tracing: The case of multi-method research. In Process tracing: From metaphor to analytical tool, ed. Andrew Bennett and Jeffrey T. Checkel, 211–236. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eck, Kristine. 2012. In data we trust? A comparison of UCDP GED and ACLED conflict events datasets. Cooperation and Conflict 47 (1): 124–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elbadawi, Ibrahim A., and Håvard Hegre. 2008. Globalization, economic shocks, and internal armed conflict. Defence and Peace Economics 19 (1): 37–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fearon, James D. 2004. Why do some civil wars last so much longer than others? Journal of Peace Research 41 (3): 275–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. 2003a. Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. The American Political Science Review 97 (1): 75–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003b. Additional tables for “ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. Available from http://www.stanford.edu/~jfearon/papers/addtabs.pdf. Accessed 10 Sept 2012.

  • Foucault, Michel. 2008. The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–79. Ed. Michel Senellart. Trans. Graham Burchell. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennet. 2005. Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerring, John. 2007. Review article: The mechanismic worldview: Thinking inside the box. British Journal of Political Science 38: 161–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, Jim. 2006. Primitive accumulation, accumulation by dispossession, accumulation by extra-economic means. Progress in Human Geography 30 (5): 608–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg, and Håvard Strand. 2002. Armed conflict 1946–2001: A new dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39 (5): 615–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, Nils W. Metternich, and Andrea Ruggeri. 2014. Data and progress in peace and conflict research. Journal of Peace Research 51 (2): 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313496803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, Jeffrey. 2010. That Unhinged Mary Anastasia O’Grady Column. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2010/09/that-unhinged-mary-anastasia-ogrady-column/63591/. Accessed 15 Dec 2016.

  • Greenspan, Alan. 2007. The age of turbulence: Adventures in a new world. New York: The Penguin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guáqueta, Alexandra. 2003. The Colombian conflict: Political and economic dimensions. In The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance, ed. Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman, 73–106. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, Ted R. 1970. Why men rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco. 2009. Stupid and expensive? A critique of the costs-of-violence literature, Crisis states working papers series no.2: Working paper no. 48. Regional and global axes of conflict. London: DESTIN/LSE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halvard, Buhaug, and Päivi Lujala. 2005. Accounting for scale: Measuring geography in quantitative studies of civil war. Political Geography 24: 399–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, David. 2003. The new imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005. A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay, Colin. 2016. Process tracing: A laudable aim or a high-tariff methodology? New Political Economy 21 (5): 500–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, Fredrich A. 1944/2001. The road to serfdom. London: Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegre, Håvard, Ranveig Gissinger, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2003. Globalization and internal conflict. In Globalization and armed conflict, ed. Gerald Schneider, Katherine Barbieri, and Nils Petter Gleditsch, 251–276. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegre, Håvard, Gudrun Østby, and Clionadh Raleigh. 2009. Poverty and civil war events: A disaggregated study of Liberia. Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (4): 598–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernes, Gudmund. 1998. Real virtuality. In Social mechanisms an analytical approach to social theory, ed. Peter Hedström and Richard Swedberg, 74–101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, Eric, and Doug Stokes. 2011. Critical realism and historical materialism as resources for critical terrorism studies. Critical Studies on Terrorism 4 (1): 5–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, Jennifer S., Sheila Amin Gutierrez de Pineres, and Kevin M. Curtin. 2008. Drugs, and development in Colombia. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hough, Phillip A. 2011. Guerrilla insurgency as organized crime: Explaining the so-called “political involution” of the revolutionary armed forces of Colombia. Politics & Society 39 (3): 379–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, David, Mo Hume, and Ulrich Oslender. 2007. Violence, fear, and development in Latin America: A critical overview. Development in Practice 17 (6): 713–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hristov, Jasmin. 2009. Blood & capital: The paramilitarization of Colombia. Toronto: Between the Lines.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Paramilitarism and neoliberalism : Violent systems of capital accumulation in Colombia and beyond. London: PlutoPress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, Ana M., and Andrés Moya. 2010. Vulnerability of victims of civil conflicts: Empirical evidence for the displaced population in Colombia. World Development 38 (4): 647–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, Ana M., and Andrea Velásquez. 2009. Identifying victims of civil conflicts: An evaluation of forced displaced households in Colombia. Journal of Peace Research 46 (3): 431–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre). 2012. Global overview 2011: People internally displaced by conflict and violence. Geneva: IDMC, Norwegian Refugee Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. Global overview 2012: People internally displaced by conflict and violence. Geneva: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2006. Liberal international theory in the wake of 9/11 and American unipolarity. Paper prepared for seminar on IR theory, unipolarity and September 11th—Five years on, NUPI, Oslo, Norway, 3–4, February 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, Richard. 2014. Critical perspectives. In Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars Routledge, ed. Edward Newman and Karl DeRouen, 79–90. Abingdon/Oxon/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaldor, Mary. 1999. New and old wars: Organized violence in a global era. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. In defence of new wars. Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 2 (1): 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas, Stathis. 2001. “New” and “Old” civil wars: A valid distinction? World Politics 54 (1): 99–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. The logic of violence in civil war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Keen, David. 2005. Liberalization and conflict. International Political Science Review 26 (1): 73–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, Volker, and Susumu Suzuki. 2005. Causes of civil war in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: A comparison. Social Science Quarterly 86 (1): 160–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, Keiichi. 2005. Do men rebel because the state is weak?: A critique of the Fearon-Laitin model. The Waseda Journal of Political Science and Economics 359: 93–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacina, Bethany. 2009. Battle Deaths Dataset 1946–2008: Codebook for Version 3.0. N.P.: CSCW/PRIO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacina, Bethany, and Nils Petter Gleditsch. 2005. Monitoring trends in global combat: A new dataset of battle deaths. European Journal of Population 21 (2–3): 145–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lari, Andrea. 2007. Striving for better days: Improving the lives of internally displaced people in Colombia. Washington, DC: Refugees.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyall, Jason. 2015. Process tracing, causal inference, and civil war. In Process tracing: From metaphor to analytical tool, ed. Andrew Bennett and Jeffrey T. Checkel, 186–207. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maher, David, and Andrew Thomson. 2016. Applying Marxism to critical terrorism studies: Analysis through a historical materialist lens. In Critical methods in terrorism studies, ed. Priya Dixit and Jacob L. Stump, 33–46. Abingdon/Oxon/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, Philippe, Mathias Thoenig, and Thierry Mayer. 2008. Civil wars and international trade. Journal of the European Economic Association 62 (2–3): 541–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Karl. 1867/1990. Capital: A critique of political economy. Trans. Ben Fowkes. Vol. 1. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melander, Erik, and Ralph Sundberg. 2011. Climate change, environmental stress, and violent conflict—test introducing the UCDP georeferenced event dataset, Paper presented at the International Studies Association, Montreal, Canada, March 16–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihalache-O’Keef, Andreea, and Tatiana Vashchilko. 2010. Foreign direct investors in conflict zones. In Ending wars, consolidating peace: Economic perspectives (Adelphi series 50), ed. Mats Berdal and Achim Wennman, 137–156. London: Routledge/IISS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Morris. 2000. Poverty as cause of wars? Interdisciplinary Science Review 25 (4): 273–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mises, Ludwig von. 1952/2008. Planning for freedom: Let the market system work. Ed. Bettina Bien Greaves. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittelman, James H. 2001. Mapping globalisation. Journal of Tropical Geography 22 (3): 212–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, Manuela, and Laura K. Taylor. 2017. Applying the security-development nexus on the ground: Land restitution in Colombia. Conflict, Security & Development 17 (1): 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2016.1231844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. 2013. Global political economy: Evolution and dynamics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Grady, Mary Anastasia. 2004. Cooking the human-rights books in Colombia. Wall Street Journal February 6: A17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Østby, Gudrun. 2008. Polarization, horizontal inequalities and violent civil conflict. Journal of Peace Research 45 (2): 143–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Østby, Gudrun, Ragnhild Nordås, and Jan Ketil Rød. 2009. Regional inequalities and civil conflict in sub-saharan Africa. International Studies Quarterly 53 (2): 301–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Political Instability Task Force (PITF). 2003. Political instability task force report: Phase IV findings. McLean, VA: Science Applications International Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (PMSU). 2005. Investing in prevention: An international strategy to manage risks of instability and improve crisis response, a strategy unit report to the government. London: Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit, Cabinet Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, Michael, and Neil Cooper. 2004. War economies in a regional context: Challenges of transformation. London: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raleigh, Clionadh, and Håvard Hegre. 2009. Population size, concentration, and civil war: A geographically disaggregated analysis. Political Geography 28 (4): 224–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raleigh, Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Håvard Hegre, and Joakim Karlsen. 2010. Introducing ACLED: An armed conflict location and event dataset. Journal of Peace Research 47 (5): 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read, Jason. 2009. A genealogy of homo-economicus: Neoliberalism and the production of subjectivity. Foucault Studies 6: 25–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, Oliver, and Roger Mac Ginty. 2015. Where now for the critique of the liberal peace? Cooperation and Conflict 50 (2): 171–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas, Halvard Buhaug, Åshild Falch, and Scott Gates. 2009. Subnational variation in civil conflict risk, Prepared for presentation at the 50th annual convention of the International Studies Association, New York City.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambanis, Nicholas. 2004a. What is civil war? Conceptual and empirical complexities of an operational definition. Journal of Conflict Resolution 48 (6): 814–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004b. Using case studies to expand economic models of civil war. Perspectives on Politics 2 (2): 259–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkees, Meredith R. 2000. The correlates of war data on war: An update to 1997. Conflict Management and Peace Science 18 (1): 123–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, Frances. 2002. Horizontal inequalities as a source of conflict. In From reaction to conflict prevention: Opportunities for the UN system, ed. Fen Osler Hampson and David Malone, 105–136. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strange, Susan. 1996. The retreat of the state: The diffusion of power in the world economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sumner, Andrew. 2005. Is foreign direct investment good for the poor? A review and stocktake. Development in Practice 15 (3/4): 269–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Themnér, Lotta, and Peter Wallensteen. 2012. UCDP/PRIO armed conflict dataset. Journal of Peace Research 49 (4): 565–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, Frances. 2011. The agrarian question and violence in Colombia: Conflict and development. Journal of Agrarian Change 11 (3): 321–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trampusch, Christine, and Bruno Palier. 2016. Between X and Y: How process tracing contributes to opening the black box of causality. New Political Economy 21 (5): 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2015.1134465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tschirgi, Neclâ, Francesco Mancini, and Michael S. Lund. 2010. The security-development nexus. In Security and development: Searching for critical connections, 1–16. Boulder/London: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tures, John A. 2003. Economic freedom and conflict reduction: Evidence from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Cato Journal 22 (3): 533–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ingen, Michiel. 2016. Conflict studies and causality: Critical realism and the nomothetic/idiographic divide in the study of civil war. Civil War 8 (4): 387–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldner, David. 2015. Process tracing and qualitative causal inference. Security Studies 24 (2): 239–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, John. 1990. What Washington means by policy reform. Available from http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=486. Accessed 8 Oct 2010.

  • ———. 2004. A short history of the Washington consensus. Paper presented at: From the Washington Consensus towards a new Global Governance. Barcelona, 24–25 September 2004. http://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/ipd/pub/williamson.pdf.

  • World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Report of the World Commission on environment and development: Our common future. n.p.: United Nations. http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf. Accessed 13 June 2017.

  • Yannis, Alexandros. 2003. Kosovo: The political economy of conflict and peacebuilding. In The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance, ed. Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman, 167–195. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Youngers, Coletta. 2013. Bolivia is not a Narco-state. WOLA. https://www.wola.org/analysis/bolivia-is-not-a-narco-state/. Accessed 15 Dec 2016.

  • Zarembka, Paul. 2002. Primitive accumulation in Marxism, Historical or trans-historical separation from means of production? The Commoner. http://www.thecommoner.org

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lecturer in International Relations, University of Salford, Salford, UK

    David Maher

Authors
  1. David Maher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Maher, D. (2018). Civil War, Development and Economic Globalisation. In: Civil War and Uncivil Development. Rethinking Political Violence. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66580-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation