Abstract
This chapter is intended to describe the main concepts and issues of applying small UAVs to geographic observation. The discussion begins with an overview of drones as flying platforms (2.1). We then introduce a fundamental concept, accessibility, or the set of criteria to have the needed technology (2.2). The following point, called field deployability, considers aspects regarding how the drone can get to be used in practice, based on technical and organizational steps (2.3). General but crucial concepts of the emerging national and international regulations about small drones are then discussed (2.4). In the last Sect. (2.5), a case study is presented in order to explain how mission planning should be approached based on available technology and operational needs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
e.g. Argentina (2015), Australia (2017), Azerbaijan (2015), Bangladesh (2016), Belgium (2016), Brazil (2016), Canada (2014), China (2015), Croatia (2015), Cyprus (2015), Czech Republic (2013), Finland (2017), France (2017), India (2016), Italy (2016), Jamaica (2016), Mexico (2016), Netherlands (2015), Philippines (2015), Portugal (2016), South Africa (2015), Ukraine (2016), United Arab Emirates (n.a.), United Kingdom (2015), USA (2016).
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
e.g. Argentina (2015), Azerbaijan (2015), Botswana (2015), Brazil (2016), Cameroon (2016), Canada (2014), Chad (2014), Colombia (2015), Côte d’Ivoire (2017), Gabon (2014), Ghana (2016), India (2016), Italy (2016), Jamaica (2016), Malaysia (2008), Mauritania (2014), Mexico (2016), Netherlands (2015), Nigeria (2015), Portugal (2016), Rwanda (2015), South Africa (2015), Togo (2015), United Kingdom (2015), USA (2016).
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
e.g. Argentina (2015), Australia (2017), Bangladesh (2016), Belgium (2016), Botswana (2015), Brazil (2016), Chile (2015), China (2015), Cyprus (2015), France (2012), Germany (2017), Ghana (2016), Israel (2011), Italy (2016), Malaysia (2008), Mexico (2016), Nigeria (2015), Philippines (2015), Rwanda (2015), Slovakia (2015), Slovenia (2016), South Africa (2015), Spain (2016), Sri Lanka (2017), United Kingdom (2015, USA (2016), Vietnam (2008).
- 8.
e.g. Argentina (2015), Australia (2017), Belgium (2016), Botswana (2015), Brazil (2016), Canada (2014), China (2015), Colombia (2015), Cyprus (2015), Czech Republic (2013), Denmark (2004), Dominican Republic (2015), Finland (2017), Germany (2017), Ghana (2016), Indonesia (2015), Ireland (2015), Italy (2016), Lithuania (2014), Mexico (2016), Nepal (2015), New Zealand (2015), Portugal (2016), Romania (2016), Rwanda (2015), Slovakia (2015), Slovenia (2016), Spain (2016), Sri Lanka (2017), Ukraine (2016), United Arab Emirates (n.d.), United Kingdom (2015), USA (2016).
- 9.
- 10.
e.g. Argentina (2015), Australia (2017), Bangladesh (2016), Belgium (2016), Brazil (2016), Chile (2015), Colombia (2015), Czech Republic (2013), Denmark (2004), Fiji (2016), France (2017), Germany (2017), Ghana (2016), Indonesia (2015), Italy (2016), Jamaica (2016), Malaysia (2008), Nepal (2015), Rwanda (2015), Slovakia (2015), Sri Lanka (2017), United Kingdom (2015), USA (2016).
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16.
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
e.g. Italy (2017), art. 34.
References
Adams Z, Benedict M et al (2013) Design, development, and flight test of a small-scale cyclogyro UAV utilizing a novel cam-based passive blade pitching mechanism. Int J Micro Air Veh 5(2):145–162
Aden ST, Bialas JP et al (2014) Low cost infrared and near infrared sensors for UAVs. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci. XL-1. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-1-2014
Argentina (2015) Administracion Nacional de Aviación Civil – Proyecto de reglamento provisional de los vehiculos aéreos no tripulados. Available via http://www.anac.gov.ar/anac/web/uploads/normativa/resoluciones/anexo-resolucion-041-2015.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Arteaga Botello N (2016) Política de la verticalidad: drones, territorio y población en América Latina. Región Soc 65:263–292
Australia (2017) Australian government – Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Advisory circular. AC 101–01 remotely piloted aircraft systems – licensing and operations. Available via https://www.casa.gov.au/files/101c01pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Austria (2015) Aviation Agency – Operation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). Available via https://www.austrocontrol.at/en/aviation_agency/licenses__permissions/flight_permissions/rpas. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Azerbaijan (2015) Republic of Azerbaijan – State Civil Aviation Administration. Unmanned aircraft operations. Available via http://www.caa.gov.az/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=297:unmanned-aircraft-operations&Itemid=174&lang=en. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Bangladesh (2016) Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh. Circular. Regulations for Operating Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS). Available via http://www.caab.gov.bd/corporate/rpas.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Belgium (2016) 10 Avril 2016. Arrêté royal relatif à l’utilisation des aéronefs télépilotés dans l’espace aérien belge. Available via http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/change_lg.pl?language=fr&la=F&cn=2016041002&table_name=loi. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Beloev IH (2016) A review on current and emerging application possibilities for unmanned aerial vehicles. Acta Technol Agric 19(3):70–76. doi:10.1515/ata-2016-0015
Bendea H, Boccardo P et al (2008) Low cost UAV for post-disaster assessment. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci XXXVII B8:1373–1379
Birtchnell T, Gibson C (2015) Less talk more drone: social research with UAVs. J Geogr High Educ 39(1):182–189. doi:10.1080/03098265.2014.1003799
Botswana (2015) Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana – legal requirements for operating remotely piloted aircraft in Botswana
Bracken-Roche C (2016) Domestic drones: the politics of verticality and the surveillance industrial complex. Geogr Helv 71:167–172. doi:10.5194/gh-71-167-2016
Brazil (2016) Ministério da Defesa – Comando da Aeronáutica. Tráfego Aéreo. ICA 100–40 Sistemas de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas e o acesso ao espaço aéreo brasileiro. Available via https://www.decea.gov.br/static/uploads/2015/12/Instrucao-do-Comando-da-Aeronautica-ICA-100-40.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Cameroon (2016) Republique du Cameroun. Autorité Aeronautique – Instruction n° 12/C/CCAA/DG/DCRCA du 18 novembre 2016 fixant les modalités de demande d’autorisation d’utilisation d’aéronefs télépilotés dans l’espace aérien et sur le territoire camerounais pour des opérations ponctuelles de travail aérien. Available via http://www.dasis.ccaa.aero/documents/numérisation0002.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Campbell L, Katz D (2016) The drone as a tool. What drones do well and what they don’t. Point of beginning. October: 26–29
Canada (2014) Transport Canada. Review and processing of an application for a special flight operations certificate for the operation of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) system. Available via https://www.tc.gc.ca/media/documents/ca-standards/(SI)_No._623-001_2_en.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Carrivick JL, Smith MW et al (2013) Developments in budget remote sensing for the geosciences. Geol Today 29(4):138–143. doi:10.1111/gto.12015
Casagrande G, Salvatori F et al (2015) A “Low-tech” approach as a strategy for effective UAV surveying of landscape and cultural heritage. Experiences from the lab and the field. Documenti Geografici 2:33–65. doi:10.19246/dg.v0i2.80
Chad (2014) Autorité de l’Aviation Civile – RAT 02 Règles de l’air. Available via http://adac-tchad.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/RAT-02-REGLES-DE-LAIR.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Chile (2015) Chile – Direccion General de Aeronautica Civil. DAN 151 Operaciones de aeronaves pilotadas a distancia (RPAS) en asuntos de interés público, que se efectúen sobre áreas pobladas. Available via https://www.dgac.gob.cl/portalweb/rest-portalweb/jcr/repository/collaboration/sites%20content/live/dgac/categories/normativas/normas DAN/documents/DAN_151-20150413.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
China (2015) 编 号:AC-91-FS-2015-31 中 国 民 用 航 空 局 飞 行 标 准 司 -轻小无人机运行规定 (试行). Available via http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/GFXWJ/201601/P020160126526845399237.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Colombia (2015) Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia – Requisitos Generales de Aeronavegabilidad y Operaciones Para RPAS (Numeral 4.25.8.2). Available via http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/autoridad-de-la-aviacion-civil/certificacion-y-licenciamiento/Documents/PROYECTO%20BORRADOR%20CIRCULAR%20RPAS.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Côte d’Ivoire (2017) Autorité Nationale de l’Aviation Civile de Côte d’Ivoire – Decision n° 00003436 / ANAC /DSV/DSNAA/DTA Portant Règlement Aéronautique de Côte d’Ivoire relatif aux aéronefs télépilotés RACI 3009 Available via: http://www.anac.ci/anac/web/docs/RACI%203009.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Croatia (2015) Pravilnik o Sustavima Bespilotnih Zrakoplova Available via http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2015_05_49_974.html. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Croatia (2006) Ministry of the Sea, Tourism, Transport and Development – ordinance on rules of the air. Available via http://www.mvep.hr/zakoni/pdf/353.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Cyprus (2015) Cyprus government gazette – Civil Aviation Act 2002 (as amended). Ministerial decree issued in accordance with Articles 5 (1) and 260. Available via http://www.mcw.gov.cy/mcw/dca/dca.nsf/All/BF026F4CECA35180C2257DB30030A750/$file/UAVS%20Decree%20402-2015-english%20tanslation%20last%20revision%20jan%202016%20(3).pdf
Czech Republic (2013) Civil Aviation Authority Czech Republic. Unmanned aircraft regulatory framework in the Czech Republic. Available via http://jarus-rpas.org/sites/jarus-rpas.org/files/czech_uas_regulatory_framework_en.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Denmark (2004) Civil Aviation Administration – Denmark – BL 9–4 regulations on unmanned aircraft not weighing more than 25 kg. Available via http://selvbetjening.trafikstyrelsen.dk/civilluftfart/Dokumenter/English/Rules%20and%20Regulations/Regulations%20for%20Civil%20Aviation%20(BL)/BL%2009-series/BL%209-4,%203%20edition.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Dominican Republic (2015) Instituto Dominicano de Aviación Civil – Resolución No. 008-2015 que regula el uso y operacion de los sistemas de aeronaves pilotadas a distancia (RPAS) o drones en el territorio nacional
Fiji (2016) Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji – Fiji aeronautical information circular. Operation of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (aka RPAS, U.A.V. or Drones). Available via http://www.caaf.org.fj/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=61&task=finish&cid=891&catid=82. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Finland (2017) Finnish Transport Safety Agency, Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Model Aircraft, 23 December 2016, Available via https://www.trafi.fi/filebank/a/1483970125/4a6ac53bf4b1cb434d7f85a15f36dde0/23661-OPS_M1-32_RPAS_2016_eng.pdf. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Finn RL, Wright D (2012) Unmanned aircraft systems: surveillance, ethics and privacy in civil applications. Comput Law Secur Rev 28(2):184–194. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2012.01.005
France (2017) Arrêté du 17 décembre 2015 relatif à l’utilisation de l’espace aérien par les aéronefs qui circulent sans personne à bord, Version consolidée au 13 avril 2017, Available via https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000031679868&dateTexte=20170413. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Fryskowska A, Kedzierski M et al (2016) Calibration of low-cost RGB and NIR UAV cameras. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci XLI-B1:817–821. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B1-817-2016
Gabon (2014) Republique Gabonaise – Reglement Aeronautique Gabonais. Regles de l’air RAG 7.1. Available via http://anacgabon.org/fr/images/pdf/rag7.1.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Georgia (2016) Georgian civil aviation authority – drones. Available via http://www.gcaa.ge/eng/RPAS.php. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Germany (2017) Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2017 Teil I Nr. 17, ausgegeben zu Bonn am 6. April 2017, Verordnung zur Regelung des Betriebs von unbemannten Fluggeräten, Bundesanzeiger Verlag, pp. 683–688. Available via https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav? startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&start=%2F%2F*[%40attr_id=%27bgbl117s0683.pdf%27]#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl117s0683.pdf%27%5D__1504446223278. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Ghana (2016) Ghana Civil Aviation (Safety) Directives, 2016 – part 28. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems. Available via http://www.gcaa.com.gh/extweb/images/final%20rpas%20safety%20directive.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Giges NS (2016) Printing UAVs on demand. Mechanical Engineering, November 2016: 12 and 15
Hilton RK, Shaw JM (2016) I see you. Drones, privacy torts and insurance claims. Claims Magazine, December: 21–23
Hristov GV, Zahariev PZ, Beloev IH (2016) A review of the characteristics of modern unmanned aerial vehicles. Acta Technol Agric 19(2):33–38. doi:10.1515/ata-2016-0008
India (2016) Government of India – Office of the Director General of Civil Aviation. Technical Centre, Opp. Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi – Air Transport Circular XX of 2016. Available via http://dgca.nic.in/misc/draft%20circular/AT_Circular%20-%20Civil_UAS(Draft%20April%202016).pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Indonesia (2015) Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia – Nomor Pm 180 tahun 2015 tentang pengendalian pengoperasian sistem pesawat udara tanpa awak di ruang udara yang dilayani Indonesia. Available via http://jdih.dephub.go.id/assets/uudocs/permen/2015/PM_180_Tahun_2015.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Ireland (2015) Irish Aviation Authority small unmanned aircraft (drones) and rockets order, 2015. Available via http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2015/si/563/made/en/pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Israel (2011) DIRECTIVE ם"בטכל םייונישו דועית, יושיר, םושיר – הארוה. Available via http://caa.gov.il/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=5209–2011-28&category_slug=2015-10-13-06-38-50-7&Itemid=669&lang=he. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Italy (2016) ENAC Regolamento (Regulation) – Mezzi aerei a pilotaggio remoto (Remotely Piloted Aerial Vehicles). Available via http://www.enac.gov.it/repository/contentmanagement/information/n1220929004/regulation_rpas_issue_2_rev%202_eng.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Italy (2017) ENAC Regolamento – Mezzi aerei a pilotaggio remoto. Edizione 2 del 16 luglio 2015 – Emendamento 3 del 24 marzo 2017. Available via http://www.enac.gov.it/repository/ContentManagement/information/N122671512/Regolamento_APR_Ed_2_Emend_3.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2017
Jackman AH (2016) Rhetorics of possibility and inevitability in commercial drone tradescapes. Geogr Helv 71:1–6. doi:10.5194/gh-71-1-2016
Jamaica (2016) Jamaica Civil Aviation Authority – flight safety notification general. Operation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Available via http://jcaa.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FSN-GN-2015-01.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Lelong CCD, Burger P et al (2008) Assessment of unmanned aerial vehicles imagery for quantitative monitoring of wheat crop in small plots. Sensors 8(5):3557–3585. doi:10.3390/s8053557
Lithuania (2014) Civilinés Aviacijos Administracijos Direktorius – Įsakymas dél Bepiločių Orlaivių Naudojimo Taisyklių Patvirtinimo. Available via https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/7bb14b10849f11e39d2dc0b0e08d5f21. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Malaysia (2008) Malaysia – Aeronautical Information Services Department of Civil Aviation. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations in Malaysian airspace. Available via http://aip.dca.gov.my/aip%20pdf%20new/AIC/AIC%20200804.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Mauritania (2014) Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile – Reglement Technique Aeronautique RTA – 02. Regles de l’air. Available via http://www.anac.mr/IMG/pdf/RTA022014.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Mexico (2016) Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil – Circular Obligatoria que establece los requerimientos para operar un sistema de aeronave pilotada a distancia (RPAS). Available via http://www.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/DireccionesGrales/DGAC-archivo/modulo3/co-av-23-10-r3.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Nepal (2015) Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal – flight operations directives No. 07. Available via https://irevolution.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/caa_nepal-uav-regulations.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Netherlands (2015) Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport – Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu. Flights with remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) – so called drones – in the Netherlands. Available via https://english.ilent.nl/themes/rpas---remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-drones. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
New Zealand (2015) Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand – part 101 CAA consolidation. Gyrogliders and parasails, unmanned aircraft (including balloons), kites, and rockets – operating rules. Available via https://www.caa.govt.nz/rules/Rule_Consolidations/Part_101_Consolidation.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Nicaragua (2014) Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil – Nota de Prensa. Available via http://www.inac.gob.ni/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Nota-de-Prensa-INAC.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Nigeria (2015) Federal Republic of Nigeria – Official Gazette. Available via http://www.ncaa.gov.ng/media/1273/aviation-part-10.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Ogden LE (2013) Drone ecology. Bioscience 63(9):776. doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.9.18
Pérez M, Agüera F, Carvajal F (2015) Low cost surveying using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci XL-1(W2):311–315. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-1-W2-311-2013
Philippines (2015) Civilian Aviation Authority of the Philippines. Available via http://caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/send/78-2015/293-mc-29-15-amendments-to-pcar-part-2-4-11. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Portugal (2016) Autoridade Nacional da Aviação Civil Regulamento n. 1093/2016 – Condições de operação aplicáveis à utilização do espaço aéreo pelos sistemas de aeronaves civis pilotadas remotamente (“Drones”). Available via https://dre.pt/application/file/105366569. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
PwC (2016) Clarity from above, PwC global report on the commercial applications of drone technology, May 2016. Available via https://www.pwc.pl/pl/pdf/clarity-from-above-pwc.pdf. Accessed 19 Apr 2017
Romania (2016) Romanian CAA Directivă de navigabilitate – Emiterea certificatelor de identificare pentru aeronavele fără pilot la bord (RPAS). Available via http://www.caa.ro/pdf/Directiva%20identificare%20UAV.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Rwanda (2015) Civil aviation (unmanned aircraft system (UAS) regulations 2015 – arrangement of regulations). Available via http://www.caa.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Regulatory_Services/Annex_to_the_Ministerial_regulations_on_UAS_Regulations_17_March_2016.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Slovakia (2015) Dopravný Úrad. Transport Authority – Rozhodnutie č. 1/2015 z 19.08.2015, ktorým sa určujú podmienky vykonania letu lietadlom spôsobilým lietať bez pilota vo vzdušnom priestore Slovenskej republiky. Available via http://nsat.sk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/DU_RPAS-merged.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Slovenia (2016) Uredbo o sistemih brezpilotnih zrakoplovov. Available via https://e-uprava.gov.si/drzava-in-druzba/e-demokracija/predlogi-predpisov/predlog-predpisa.html?id=7217. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Smith P (2013) Invasion of the drones? N Y Times Upfront 22:10–11
South Africa (2015) South African Civil Aviation Authority – Remotely piloted aircraft systems (Part 101) regulations workshop. RPAS regulations (Part 101). Available via http://www.caa.co.za/Documents/RPAS/Part%20101%20-%20RPAS%20Workshops.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Spain (2016) Ministerio de Fomento – Ministerio de Defensa – Real Decreto por el que se regula la utilización civil de las aeronaves pilotadas por control remoto, y se modifica el Real Decreto 552/2014, de 27 de junio, por el que se desarrolla el Reglamento del aire y disposiciones operativas comunes para los servicios y procedimientos de navegación aérea y se modifica el Real Decreto 57/2002, de 18 de enero, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Circulación Aérea. Available via https://www.fomento.es/NR/rdonlyres/63ECAE3A-B29E-45A7-A885-D314153883EE/139826/RDRPAS27102016.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Sri Lanka (2017) Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka – Requirements for Operation of Pilotless Aircraft (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unmanned Aircraft Systems/Remotely Piloted Aircraft/Drones). Available via http://www.caa.lk/images/stories/pdf/Drones/SLCA_IS053_1st_Edition_Rev02_10JAN2017.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Togo (2015) République du Togo Ministère chargé de L’Aviation Civile – Réglements Aéronautiques Nationaux du Togo RANT 02 Régles de l’air. Available via http://anac-togo.tg/RANTS/RANT_02/RANT_02_regles_de_lair.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Ukraine (2016) Available via https://www.loc.gov/law/help/regulation-of-drones/ukraine.php#_ftn25. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
United Arab Emirates (n.d.) General Civil Aviation Authority. Available via https://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/Pages/UASRegistration.aspx. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
United Kingdom (2015) Civil Aviation Authority – Unmanned Aircraft System Operations in UK Airspace – guidance. Available via http://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP%20722%20Sixth%20Edition%20March%202015.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
United States of America (2016) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST), Department of Transportation (DOT) - Operation and Certification of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Available via: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/06/28/2016-15079/operation-and-certification-of-small-unmanned-aircraft-systems. Accessed 31 Aug 2017
Vietnam (2008) The Government Socialist Republic of Viet Nam – decree on management of unmanned aircraft and ultralight aircraft. Available via http://moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=2867. Accessed 20 Apr 2017
Villa TF, Gonzalez F et al (2016) An overview of small unmanned aerial vehicles for air quality measurements: present applications and future prospectives. Sensors 16(7):1072. doi:10.3390/s16071072
Wang Y, Xia H et al (2016) Flying eyes and hidden controllers: a qualitative study of people’s privacy perceptions of civilian drones in the US. Proc Priv Enhancing Technol 3:172–190. doi:10.1515/popets-2016-0022
Watts AC, Ambrosia VG, Hinkley EA (2012) Unmanned Aicraft Systems in remote sensing and scientific research: classification and considerations of use. Remote Sens 4(6):1671–1692. doi:10.3390/rs4061671
Yun M, Kim J et al (2013) Feasibility of employing a smartphone as the payload of a photogrammetric UAV system. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 79:1–18. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.02.001
Zhao B, Hellwich O et al (2015) Employing smartphone as on-board navigator in unmanned aerial vehicles: implementation and experiments. Ind Robot: Int J 42(4):306–313. doi:10.1108/IR-01-2015-0016
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Casagrande, G., Del Gusto, D. (2018). Concepts and Issues. In: Casagrande, G., Sik, A., Szabó, G. (eds) Small Flying Drones. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66577-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66577-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66576-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66577-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)