Abstract
The chapter begins with the requirements for marine meteorological and oceanographic (meteo-ocean) data for WMO applications. The meteo-ocean observations are not only used for scientific research purposes, but also allow realizing socioeconomic benefits and addressing the needs of many activities such as the safety of life and property at sea, operations in the open and coastal ocean areas, the protection and sustainable development of the ocean and marine environment, numerical weather prediction and operational meteorology, the monitoring and prediction of seasonal-to-interannual climate variability and climate change, and the efficient management of marine resources. The chapter provides information on the processes used to assess gaps and to provide guidance and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Member Countries and Territories to address the gaps and make the observing system evolve. The role of the WMO, collaborating with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), in making and collecting observations from and over the oceans is explained. In particular, implementation targets for various types of meteo-ocean observing platforms are detailed. The chapter then provides information on meteoceano data management in the WMO framework, including for the collection of data in real-time and delayed mode, quality control, collection of metadata, and feedback of quality information to the observing platform operators. The existing sources of meteo-ocean data are listed, and relevant data policies explained. Finally, the chapter gives information on how to access data and provides an incentive for sharing the data.
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Notes
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There are currently 14 application areas of interest to the WMO, including (1) Global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP); (2) High-Resolution NWP; (3) Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting; (4) Sub seasonal to longer predictions; (5) Aeronautical Meteorology; (6) Forecasting Atmospheric Composition; (7) Monitoring Atmospheric Composition; (8) Providing Atmospheric Composition information to support services in urban and populated areas; (9) Ocean Applications; (10) Agricultural Meteorology; (11) Hydrology; (12) Climate Monitoring; (13) Climate applications and services; (14) Space Weather. In addition, the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) is regarded as an activity cross-cutting between the above application areas.
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That is, not precluding about what observing technology is used.
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The WMO Implementation Plan for the Evolution of Global Observing Systems (EGOS-IP) is available from the WMO website at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/OSY/gos-vision.html#egos-ip
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Binary Universal Form for the Representation of Meteorological Data
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‘Free and unrestricted’ means non-discriminatory and without charge [Resolution 23 (EC-XLII) – Guidelines on international aspects of provision of basic and special meteorological services]. ‘Without charge’, in the context of this resolution means at no more than the cost of reproduction and delivery, without charge for the data and products themselves.
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Abbreviations
- ADCP:
-
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
- AT:
-
Air Temperature
- CTD:
-
Conductivity Temperature and Depth
- ERDDAP:
-
Environmental Research Division’s Data Access Program
- ENSO:
-
El Niño Southern Oscillation
- GCOS:
-
WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Global Climate Observing System
- GFCS:
-
Global Framework for Climate Services
- GOOS:
-
IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU Global Ocean Observing System
- ICSU:
-
International Council for Science
- IOC:
-
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
- JCOMM:
-
Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology
- Meteo-ocean:
-
Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic
- MSWH:
-
Mean Significant Wave Height
- NWP:
-
Numerical Weather Prediction
- OSCAR:
-
Observing System Capability Analysis and Review platform – oscar.wmo.int
- PIRATA:
-
Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic
- RAMA:
-
Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction
- RH:
-
Air Relative Humidity
- SLP:
-
Sea Level Pressure
- SOO:
-
Ship of Opportunity
- SSS:
-
Sea Surface Salinity
- SST:
-
Sea Surface Temperature
- TAO:
-
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
- TRITON:
-
Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network
- UN:
-
United Nations
- UNEP:
-
United Nations Environment Programme
- UNESCO:
-
United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- VOS:
-
Voluntary Observing Ship
- WIGOS:
-
WMO Integrated Global Observing System
- WIS:
-
WMO Information System
- WMO:
-
World Meteorological Organization
- XBT:
-
Expendable Bathythermograph
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Charpentier, E. (2018). Managing Meteorological and Oceanographic In Situ Data in the WMO Framework. In: Venkatesan, R., Tandon, A., D'Asaro, E., Atmanand, M. (eds) Observing the Oceans in Real Time. Springer Oceanography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66493-4_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66493-4_14
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