Abstract
This article focuses on the gendered strategies of mobility of the immigrant population residing in Galicia, particularly since the onset of the global economic crisis. The analysis concentrates specifically on identifying the gendered patterns of migration and return and determining the relationship between these migrations and the changes that have taken place in the Galician labour market during the recession, with special emphasis on the differences in how men and women are affected. We argue that Galicia has a particular migration typology that differs from what is observed in the rest of Spain. The complexity of the migration networks that this region has developed historically with different Latin America and European countries has given rise to heterogeneous migration flows, including economic migrants, descendants of Galician emigrants and Galician returnees, where women have a more prominent presence. In this chapter, we explore this migratory heterogeneity and the different impact of the economic crisis according to gender and geographic origin.
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Notes
- 1.
The research was conducted within the framework of the following research projects: Oso, L. (dir.) (2016–2019): Género, movilidades cruzadas y dinámicas transnacionales-FEM2015-6714-R and Martínez-Buán, R. (dir.) (2016–2018): Cuidados en el Ambito Comunitario. Experiencias, prácticas y vínculos para el sostenimiento de la vida en España y América Latina-CSO-2016-77960-R, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. The article is also part of the activities carried out in the project funded by Xunta de Galicia: Programa de Consolidación e Estructuración de Unidades de investigacón competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia GRC2014/048 (Oso, dir. 2014–2017). The article also draws on the activities carried out in collaboration with the INCASI Project (the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities), a European initiative funded by the Horizon 2020 programme (RISE action, GA 691004, http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/200034_en.html) coordinated by Pedro López-Roldán (Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona). This article reflects only the authors’ point of view and the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
- 2.
The data used in the analysis refer to the foreign-born population including persons who hold dual citizenship (Spanish/foreign). The breakdown country of birth allows us to define the characteristics of the immigrant population in Galicia in a more coherent fashion. There is a large resident population of descendants of Galician emigrants who were born abroad and hold Spanish citizenship. So if we limit our analysis to nationality of origin, this would not reflect the wealth and heterogeneity of the migratory typology.
- 3.
The emigration rates have been calculated by dividing the number of exits (data provided by the Residential Variation Statistics) by the total number of foreign-born residents.
- 4.
Data were taken from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (SLFS) published quarterly by the Spanish National Statistics Institute. The figures included in this section are from the second quarter of each year, since this period is less likely to be subject to temporary employment. This information source covers the situation of both the Spanish and immigrant population with regard to the labour market and some of its basic characteristics. Moreover, the figures include the results of both the formal and informal labour market. However, this source still has certain sampling limitations when the data are broken down to the scale of Autonomous Community. In order to bypass this weak point and avoid any errors originating from the survey of immigrants, the figures shown here provide general information on their position in the labour market (without breaking them down into categories such as main activity, occupation or nationality). Figures are presented according to time periods rather than whole years, allowing for a more in-depth analysis that goes beyond the fluctuations in the data due to the effects of the current economic crisis. Therefore, the data reflect the annual average of the periods included.
- 5.
There were no statistical data available on female participation in the hotel/restaurant and retail sectors in Galicia due to the small sample size of the Spanish Labour Force Survey.
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Oso, L., Martínez-Buján, R. (2018). Gendered Mobility Strategies, Labour Market in a Context of Economic Crisis in Galicia. In: DePalma, R., Pérez-Caramés, A. (eds) Galician Migrations: A Case Study of Emerging Super-diversity. Migration, Minorities and Modernity, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66305-0_13
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