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Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils pp 283–312Cite as

The Effects of Antibiotics on the Structure, Diversity, and Function of a Soil Microbial Community

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 51))

Abstract

Pharmaceutical antibiotics are widely applied to treat diseases of humans and animals or are added to animal feeds to improve the growth rate and feed efficiency. However, these antibiotics are often poorly metabolized and adsorbed by humans and animals. As a result, the majority of them are excreted unchanged, or as metabolites, in feces and urine and are then introduced to the soil with various materials such as manure or urban wastes. Since the application of manure or other organic amendments is a common practice throughout the world, the presence of antibiotics and their active metabolites in soils, especially in agricultural soils, is occurring quite often. Not only antibiotics but also considerable numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes (ARGs) are introduced into soil via organic fertilizer, thus raising serious environmental and human health concerns. This chapter, therefore, gives a brief overview of recent research in determining the impact of antibiotics, their bioactive metabolites, and ARGs that enter the soil on the structure, diversity, and function of soil microbial communities. The properties that are most often studied (e.g., bacterial and fungal populations, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), community structure, community-level physiological profile (CLPP), enzymatic activity, nitrification/denitrification, iron reduction) and the appropriate techniques that are currently being used (e.g., PCR-DGGE of 16S rDNA, Biolog Ecoplates®, MicroResp™, gas chromatography (GC-MS), colorimetric quantification) are discussed. As was shown in the reviewed literature, antibiotics in soil differ significantly in their effectiveness on soil microorganisms, and both a positive and negative influence and a lack of any influence have been found. Possible changes were influenced by various natural and anthropogenic factors, such as soil texture, soil physicochemical properties, absorption into soil particles, degradation, and leaching. Furthermore, issues concerning dose-response and time-dependent effects of antibiotic impact on soil microbial communities were also analyzed. Additionally, methodological potential and limitations in determination and quantification of the effects of veterinary antibiotics applied with organic amendments on soil microbial communities and antibiotic resistance have been discussed. Finally, further research needs and directions concerning the effects of antibiotics on soil microbial communities have been outlined.

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biochemistry, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska St, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland

    Anna Piotrowska-Długosz

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  1. Anna Piotrowska-Długosz
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Correspondence to Anna Piotrowska-Długosz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Vladimir Strezov

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Piotrowska-Długosz, A. (2017). The Effects of Antibiotics on the Structure, Diversity, and Function of a Soil Microbial Community. In: Hashmi, M., Strezov, V., Varma, A. (eds) Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils. Soil Biology, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_15

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