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Recent Advances in Methods for the Detection of Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soil

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Book cover Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 51))

Abstract

Soil is the substrate from where antibiotic synthesis originally evolved and majority of antibiotics in clinical use today were extracted from soil. Hence, soil is a diverse and determinant source of antibiotics. Unmonitored, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics have aggregated resistance in bacteria and resulted antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Worldwide, higher ARG levels have been detected and well reported. ARGs extraction from soil sample is a multistep, complex, and time-consuming process. The present chapter reviews the recent advancements of analytical, molecular, and other recent applied technologies for the detection, characterization, and quantification of antibiotics and ARG in the soil matrix.

Due to the advancement in technology, accuracy, precision, sophistication, and less turnaround time, molecular methods of antibiotic and ARGs screening are replacing the conventional techniques. Continued development of standard protocols, monitoring, and metagenomic technique are the dire needs for the safe survival of life. Risk factor associated with the unmonitored use of antibiotics, need to be understood and publicize. For field, epidemic outspread and remote area monitoring of ARGs, and with the advancement of information technology (IT) and globalization, portable, inexpensive, and user-friendly diagnostic devices became dream of users. Keeping in view all these prospects, researchers have developed antimicrobial resistance dashboard application and point of care (POC), i.e., lab on a chip. But, successful assessment of antibiotics and ARGs requires appropriate research questions. This chapter summarizes various analytical, molecular, and applied techniques, their strengths, and limitations for the detection and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacteria (ARB).

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

    Hussani Mubarak

  2. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Hussani Mubarak & Nosheen Mirza

  3. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China

    Hussani Mubarak & Nosheen Mirza

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan

    Nosheen Mirza

  5. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

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  1. Hussani Mubarak
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  2. Nosheen Mirza
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Correspondence to Nosheen Mirza .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Vladimir Strezov

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Mubarak, H., Mirza, N., Hashmi, M.Z. (2017). Recent Advances in Methods for the Detection of Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soil. In: Hashmi, M., Strezov, V., Varma, A. (eds) Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils. Soil Biology, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_13

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