Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Suicide Prevention in the United States Military

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Military Psychology

Abstract

Given the pervasive problem of military suicidal behavior, there is a need for suicide-specific interventions and programs targeting service members. The objectives of this chapter are to highlight recent notable efforts to survey the extent of military suicidal behavior, to identify related risk and protective indicators, to pilot evidence-informed interventions, and to disseminate programmatic suicide prevention initiatives. To place research and intervention efforts into context, we first discuss the current Department of Defense suicide and suicide attempt surveillance system, which remains the most comprehensive in the world. We then highlight recent epidemiological research, particularly from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service Members, the largest study, to date, to examine risk and protective indicators. Next, we review evidence-informed interventions that have shown promise with service members, including brief cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) for outpatients, Post Admission Cognitive Therapy for inpatients, a therapeutic framework (the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality), and brief interventions (the Caring Letters Project, Crisis Response Plan, and Safety Planning Intervention). In addition, we provide an example of a comprehensive programmatic dissemination effort, the Air Force Guide for Suicide Risk Assessment, Management, and Treatment, released in 2014. The chapter concludes with an explication of future considerations, to include expert recommendations for decreasing stigma related to help-seeking behavior, the transition from examining risk factors to risk drivers for enhanced clinical utility, the significance of facilitating communication between VA and DoD health care systems, and the importance of extending military suicide prevention efforts internationally.

The opinions expressed here are those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences or the Department of Defense

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acosta, J., Becker, A., Cerully, J. L., Fisher, M. P., Martin, L. T., Vardavas, R., … Schell, T. L. (2014). Mental health stigma in the military. Rand Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR426/RAND_RR426.pdf

  • Ahmedani, B. K., Simon, G. E., Stewart, C., Beck, A., Waitzfelder, B. E., Rossom, R., … Solberg, L. I. (2014). Health care contacts in the year before suicide death. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29, 870–877.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, J. P., Cross, G., & Swanner, J. (2005). Suicide in the army: A review of current information. Military Medicine, 170, 580–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC). (2014). Suicides and suicide attempts among active component members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2010–2012: Methods of self-harm vary by major geographic region of assessment. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report, 21, 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belasco, A. (2014). The cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and other global war on terror operations since 9/11. Congressional Research Service Report, 1–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, T. M., Pigeon, W. R., & Possemato, K. (2013). Sleep disturbance and its association with suicidal ideation in veterans. Military Behavioral Health, 1, 81–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, S. A., Gallaway, S., Bell, M. R., & Ritchie, E. C. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors associated with suicides of Army soldiers 2001–2009. Military Psychology, 23, 433–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braswell, H., & Kushner, H. I. (2012). Suicide, social integration, and masculinity in the U.S. military. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 530–536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. K., Ten Have, T., Henriques, G. R., Xie, S. X., Hollander, J. E., & Beck, A. T. (2005). Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide attempts: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 563–570.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, C., Bryan, A., Ray-Sannerud, B., Etienne, N., & Morrow, C. (2013). Suicide attempts before joining the military increase risk for suicide attempts and severity of suicidal ideation among military personnel and veterans. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 534–541.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, C. J., Hernandez, A. M., Allison, S., & Clemans, T. (2013). Combat exposure and suicide risk in two samples of military personnel. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 64–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, K. R., & Simons, K. (2015). State of innovation in suicide intervention research with military populations. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45, 281–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Currier, G. W., Brown, G. K., Brenner, L. A., Chesin, M., Knox, K. L., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., & Stanley, B. (2015). Rationale and study protocol for a two-part intervention: Safety planning and structured follow-up among veterans at risk for suicide and discharged from the emergency department. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 43, 179–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Defense Manpower Data Center. (2012). Workplace and gender relations survey of active duty members: Survey note (No. 2013-007). Note.

    Google Scholar 

  • Defense Suicide Prevention Office. (2013). Department of Defense Defense Suicide Prevention Office annual report, FY 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.dspo.mil/Portals/113/Documents/DSPO-2012-Annual-Report-MARCH-2013-FINAL.pdf

  • Denneson, L. M., Basham, C., Dickinson, K. C., Crutchfield, M. C., Millet, L., Shen, X., & Dobscha, S. K. (2010). Suicide risk assessment and content of VA health care contacts before suicide completion by veterans in Oregon. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 61, 1192–1197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Defense, Inspector General. (2014). Department of Defense Suicide Event Report (DoDSER) Data Quality Assessment (Report No. DODIG-2015-016). Retrieved from http://www.dodig.mil/pubs/documents/DODIG-2015-016.pdf

  • Department of Defense, Task Force on the Prevention of Suicide (2010). The challenge and the promise: Strengthening the force, preventing suicide and saving lives. Retrieved from http://www.sprc.org/sites/default/files/migrate/library/2010-08_Prevention-of-Suicide-Armed-Forces.pdf

  • Department of the Army Headquarters. (2015). Health promotion, risk reduction, and suicide prevention. DA Pamphlet 600–24. Retrieved from http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/p600_24.pdf

  • Drapeau, C. W., & McIntosh, J. L. (for the American Association of Suicidology). (2015). U.S.A. suicide 2014: Official final data. Retrieved from http://www.suicidology.org/resources/facts-statistics

  • Gallaway, M., Black, S., Ritchie, E., & Bell, M. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors associated with suicides of army soldiers 2001-2009. Military Psychology, 23, 433–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Brown, G. K., Currier, G. W., Brenner, L., Knox, K. L., Grammer, G., … Stanley, B. (2014). Safety Planning for Military (SAFE MIL): Rationale, design, and safety considerations of a randomized controlled trial to reduce suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 39, 113–123.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Cox, D., & Greene, F. (2012). Post-admission cognitive therapy: A brief intervention for psychiatric inpatients admitted after a suicide attempt. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Neely, L. L., & Tucker, J. (2014). A cognitive behavioral strategy for preventing suicide. Current Psychiatry, 13, 18–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, J. (2012a). Army suicides: "Knowns" and an interpretive framework for future directions. Military Psychology, 24, 488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, J. (2012b). Suicide and war: The mediating effects of negative mood, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and social support among Army National Guard soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42, 453–469.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, J. (2014). Prevalence of childhood abuse among Army National Guard Soldiers and its relationship to adult suicidal behavior. Military Behavioral Health, 2, 114–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2015). Evaluating factors and interventions that influence help-seeking and mental health service utilization among suicidal individuals: A review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 28–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ireland, R., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., & Brown, D. G. (2013). Ongoing efforts to address the public health problem of military suicide within the United States Department of Defense. In J. Amara & A. Hendricks (Eds.), Military health care: From pre-deployment to post-separation (pp. 95–113). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakupcak, M., Hoerster, K., Varra, A., Vannoy, S., Felker, B., & Hunt, S. (2011). Hopelessness and suicidal ideation in returning veterans reporting subthreshold and threshold PTSD. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199, 272–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jobes, D. A. (2006). Managing suicidal risk: A collaborative approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jobes, D. A., Comtois, K., Brenner, L., & Gutierrez, P. (2011). Clinical trial feasibility studies of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS). In R. C. O’Connor, S. Platt, & J. Gordon (Eds.), International handbook of suicide prevention: Research, policy, & practice (pp. 383–400). West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jobes, D. A., Lento, R., & Brazaitis, K. (2012). An evidence-based clinical approach to suicide prevention in the Department of Defense: The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS). Military Psychology, 24, 604–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joint Mental Health Advisory Team 7. (2011). Joint mental health advisory team 7 (J-MHAT 7) Operation Enduring Freedom 2010 Afghanistan. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army Medical Command, Office of the Command Surgeon HQ, USCENTCOM, Office of the Command Surgeon, US Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, H. K., Bullman, T. A., Smolenski, D. J., Skopp, N. A., Gahm, G. A., & Reger, M. A. (2015). Suicide risk among 1.3 million veterans who were on active duty during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Annals of Epidemiology, 25, 96–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Colpe, L. J., Fullerton, C. S., Gebler, N., Naifeh, J. A., Nock, M. K., … Heeringa, S. G. (2013). Design of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22, 267–275.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Warner, C. H., Ivany, C., Petukhova, M. V., Rose, S., Bromet, E. J., & Ursano, R. J. (2014). Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: The Army study to assess risk and resilience in servicemembers (Army STARRS). Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 72, 49–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., Bliese, P. D., Bromet, E. J., Chiu, W. T., Cox, K. L., … Ursano, R. J. (2015). Occupational differences in US army suicide rates. Psychological Medicine, 45(15), 3293–3304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, K., Stanley, B., Currier, G., Brenner, L., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., & Brown, G. (2012). An emergency department-based brief intervention for veterans at risk for suicide (SAFE VET). American Journal of Public Health, 102, S33–S37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Snarr, J. D., Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., & Foran, H. M. (2011). Risk for suicidal ideation in the U.S. Air Force: An ecological perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 600–612.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Large, M., Sharma, S., Cannon, E., Ryan, C., & Nielssen, O. (2011). Risk factors for suicide within a year of discharge from psychiatric hospital: A systematic meta-analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 619–628.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LeardMann, C. A., Powell, T. M., Smith, T. C., Bell, M. R., Smith, B., Boyko, E. J., & Hoge, C. W. (2013). Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 310, 496–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemaire, C. M., & Graham, D. P. (2011). Factors associated with suicidal ideation in OEF/OIF veterans. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130, 231–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luxton, D. D., Kinn, J. T., June, J. D., Pierre, L. W., Reger, M. A., & Gahm, G. A. (2012). Caring letters project: A military suicide-prevention pilot program. Crisis, 33, 5–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luxton, D. D., Thomas, E. K., Chipps, J., Relova, R. M., Brown, D., Mclay, R., et al. (2014). Caring letters for suicide prevention: Implementation of a multi-site randomized clinical trial in the U.S. military and Veteran Affairs healthcare systems. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 37, 252–260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguen, S., Luxton, D. D., Skopp, N. A., Gahm, G. A., Reger, M. A., Metzler, T. A., & Marmar, C. R. (2011). Killing in combat, mental health symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Iraq war veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 563–567.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, A. J., Bender, R. H., Hourani, L. L., & Larson, G. E. (2011). Suicidal or self-harming ideation in military personnel transitioning to civilian life. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 41, 392–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Lou, K., & Tucciarone, P. (2009). A comparative review of U.S. military and civilian suicide behavior: Implications for OEF/OIF suicide prevention efforts. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31, 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mihaljevic, S., Vuksan-Cusa, B., Marcinko, D., Koic, E., Kusevic, Z., & Jakovljevic, M. (2011). Spiritual well-being, cortisol, and suicidality in Croatian war veterans suffering from PTSD. Journal of Religion and Health, 50, 464–473.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. M., Gallaway, M. S., Millikan, A. M., & Bell, M. (2012). Interaction of combat exposure and unit cohesion in predicting suicide-related ideation among post-deployment soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45, 486–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Money, N., Moore, M., Brown, D., Kasper, K., Roeder, J., Bartone, P., & Bates, M. (2011). Best practices identified for peer support programs (White paper). Defense Centers of Excellence. Retrieved from http://www.dcoe.mil/content/Navigation/Documents/Best_Practices_Identified_for_Peer_Support_Programs_Jan_2011.pdf

  • Motto, J. A., & Bostrom, A. G. (2001). A randomized controlled trial of postcrisis suicide prevention. Psychiatric Services, 52, 828–833.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neely, L. L., Irwin, K., Carreno Ponce, J. T., Perera, K., Grammer, G., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2013). Post Admission Cognitive Therapy (PACT) for the prevention of suicide in military personnel with histories of trauma: Treatment development and case example. Clinical Case Studies, 12, 457–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nock, M. K., Deming, C. A., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Goldenberg, M., Kessler, R. C., … Schoenbaum, M. (2013). Suicide among soldiers: A review of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Psychiatry, 76, 97–125.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Panangala, S. V. & Jansen, D. J. (2013). Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs: Status of the Integrated Electronic Health Record (iEHR). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42970.pdf

  • Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, M. B., Malley, J. C., Rivers, A. J., Johnson, D. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2010). Risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. Journal of Affective Disorders, 123, 102–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pietrzak, R. H., Johnson, D. C., Goldstein, M. B., Malley, J. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2009). Perceived stigma and barriers to mental health care utilization among OEF-OIF veterans. Psychiatric Services, 60, 1118–1122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piscitelli, F. (2011). Suicide in the United States military and other nations’ militaries: A comparison (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://commons.pacificu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1328&context=spp

  • Pruitt, L., Smolenski, D., Reger, M., Bush, N., Skopp N., & Campise R. (2016). Department of Defense suicide event report calendar year 2014 annual report. Distributed by the National Center for Telehealth & Technology (T2) & Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reger, M. A., Smolenski, D. J., Skopp, N. A., Metzger-Abamukang, M. J., Kang, H. K., Bullman, T. A., … Gahm, G. A. (2015). Risk of suicide among US military service members following operation enduring freedom or operation Iraqi freedom deployment and separation from the US military. Journal of American Medical Association Psychiatry, 72, 561–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudd, M. D. (2012). Brief cognitive behavioral therapy for military populations. Journal of Military Psychology, 24, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd, M. D., Bryan, C. J., Wertenberger, E. G., Peterson, A. L., Young-McCaughan, S., Mintz, J., … Bruce, T. O. (2015). Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy effects on post-treatment suicide attempts in a military sample: Results of a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 441–449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudd, M. D., Mandrusiak, M., & Joiner, T. E. (2006). The case against no suicide contracts: The commitment to treatment statement as a practice alternative. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 243–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenbaum, M., Kessler, R. C., Gilman, S. E., Colpe, L. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., … Cox, K. L. (2014). Predictors of suicide and accident death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS): Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 71, 493–503.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, M. D., Fischer, E. P., Sorocco, K., & McFarlane, W. R. (2009). Adapting the multifamily group model to the Veterans Affairs system: The REACH program. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1, 74–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skopp, N. A., Luxton, D. D., Bush, N., & Sirotin, A. (2011). Childhood adversity and suicidal ideation in a clinical military sample: Military unit cohesion and intimate relationships as protective factors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 361–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sollinger, J. M. (2011). The War Within: Suicide Prevention in the US Military. Rand Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG953.html

  • Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Kroenke, K., Linzer, M., de Gruy, F. V., Hahn, S., … Johnson, J. G. (1994). Utility of new procedure for diagnosis mental disorders in primary care: The PRIME-MD 1000 Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1749–1756.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, B., & Brown, G. K. (2012). Safety Planning Intervention: A brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk. Cognitive Behavioral Practice, 19, 256–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Street, A. E., Gilman, S. E., Rosellini, A. J., Stein, M. B., Bromet, E. J., Cox, K. L., … Kessler, R. C. (2015). Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments. Psychological Medicine, 45, 717–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, J., Harpaz-Rotem, I., Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2012). The role of coping, resilience, and social support in mediating the relation between PTSD and social functioning in veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Psychiatry, 75, 135–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, R. P., Crowley, K. J., Davidson, C. L., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2015). Risk factors, warning signs, and drivers of suicide: What are they, how do they differ, and why does it matter? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 45, 679–689.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • United States Air Force Medical Operations Agency. (2014). Air Force guide for suicide risk assessment, management, and treatment. Retrieved from https://www.usuhs.edu/sites/default/files/media/mps/pdf/mholloway-afguidesuiciderisk.pdf

  • United States Armed Forces. (2014, October). Surveillance snapshot: Manner and cause of death, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1998–2013. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR), 21, 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • University of Utah. Brief interventions for short-term suicide risk reduction in military populations (BISSR). In: ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000- [cited 2016 July 18]. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02042131?term=NCT02042131&rank=1 NLM Identifier: NCT02042131

  • Ursano, R. J., Colpe, L. J., Heeringa, S. G., Kessler, R. C., Schoenbaum, M., & Stein, M. B. (2014). The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Psychiatry, 77, 107–119.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ursano, R. J., Heeringa, S. G., Stein, M. B., Jain, S., Raman, R., Sun, X., & Kessler, R. C. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Depression and Anxiety, 32, 3–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology; Department of Psychiatry, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Room B3046, Bethesda, MA, USA

    Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway

  2. Laboratory for the Treatment of Suicide-Related Ideation and Behavior; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 11103 Bucknell Dr, Silver Spring, MD, 20902, USA

    Margaret M. Baer

  3. Defense Suicide Prevention Office, 4800 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, VA, 22350-4000, USA

    Laura L. Neely

  4. Laboratory for the Treatment of Suicide-Related Ideation and Behavior; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2421 Churchill Rd, Silver Spring, MD, 20902, USA

    Viktor Koltko

  5. Mental Health Flight Commander, Mike O’Callaghan Federal Medical Center, 4700 Blvd N, Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV, 89191, USA

    Matthew K. Nielsen

Authors
  1. Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Margaret M. Baer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Laura L. Neely
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Viktor Koltko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Matthew K. Nielsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for National Strategic Studies, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA

    Stephen V. Bowles

  2. Institute for National Strategic Studies, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA

    Paul T. Bartone

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Baer, M.M., Neely, L.L., Koltko, V., Nielsen, M.K. (2017). Suicide Prevention in the United States Military. In: Bowles, S., Bartone, P. (eds) Handbook of Military Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66192-6_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation