Abstract
This chapter is a discussion on methodological consideration. I acknowledged that most financial decision making research is based on mathematical models. This study, however, departs from this objectivistic approach and instead regards its subject as a multi-layered system that requires a pragmatist approach. This approach allows for the flexible combination of methods that best suits an examination of high-tech startup financing patterns, complexity and uncertainty factors, and matching signals. That is also why an explanatory sequential mixed methods design was chosen. It features a quantitative survey-based Study I with 903 German startups, and a qualitative Study II that is composed of 34 interviews with German and US investors and entrepreneurs as well as an international validation panel of experts.
Discontinuity, far from being an anomaly best ignored, is an essential ingredient of markets that helps set finance apart from the natural sciences.
Mandelbrot and Hudson (2008, p. 86)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Theoretical perspectives that I do not consider include, among others, those primarily associated with critical theorists and feminists, which advocate symbolic interactionism and a transformative worldview (Creswell 2014; Mertens 2010). The domain of entrepreneurial finance in Germany has not been a marginalized social matter, and issues such as oppression and alienation—often the starting point for transformative approaches—are not under investigation either. However, this is not supposed to connote that this perspective has no raison d’être in the domain of entrepreneurial finance. On the contrary, I strongly believe that, e.g., on the level of the fund-raising entrepreneur herself, feminist perspectives, critical theory, and participatory practices (Reason and Bradbury 2008) may be a worthwhile approach (Harrison and Mason 2007; Downing 2005; Sara and Peter 1998).
Literature
Ayer, A. J. (1968). The origins of pragmatism: Studies in the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce and William James. London: Macmillan.
Bahl, S., & Milne, G. R. (2006). Mixed methods in interpretive research: An application to the study of the self concept. In R. W. Belk (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative research methods in marketing (pp. 198–218). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Business research methods (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bygrave, W. D. (1989a). The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): A philosophical look at its research methodologies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(1), 7–26.
Bygrave, W. D. (1989b). The entrepreneurship paradigm (II): Chaos and catastrophes among quantum jumps. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(2), 7–30.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81.
Cherryholmes, C. H. (1992). Notes on pragmatism and scientific realism. Educational Researcher, 21(6), 13–17.
Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (1999). Doing qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Crotty, M. (2003). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. London: Sage.
Cryer, P. (2006). The research student’s guide to success (3rd ed.). Berkshire: McGraw-Hill.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Downing, S. (2005). The social construction of entrepreneurship: Narrative and dramatic processes in the coproduction of organizations and identities. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(2), 185–204.
Economist (2015, October 31). Theranos—The fable of the unicorn. Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/business/21677192-fable-unicorn-theranos-much-hyped-medical-startup-plagued-doubts
Fay, B. (1987). Critical social science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Fayolle, A., Kyrö, P., & Ulijn, J. (2005). Entrepreneurship research in Europe—Outcomes and perspectives. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Feynman, R. (1967). The character of physical law. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Giddings, L. S. (2006). Mixed-methods research—Positivism dressed in drag? Journal of Research in Nursing, 11(3), 195–203.
Girod-Séville, M., & Perret, V. (2001). Epistemological foundations. In R. A. Thiétart et al. (Eds.), Doing management research—A comprehensive guide (pp. 13–29). London: Sage.
Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Greene, J. C., Benjamin, L., & Goodyear, L. (2001). The merits of mixing methods in evaluation. Evaluation, 7(1), 25–44.
Greenwood, J. D. (1994). Realism, identity and emotion: Reclaiming social psychology. London: Sage.
Guba, E. G. (1990). The alternative paradigm dialog. In E. G. Guba (Ed.), The paradigm dialog (pp. 17–30). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Harrison, R. T., & Mason, C. M. (2007). Does gender matter? Women business angels and the supply of entrepreneurial finance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 445–472.
Hayek, F. A. (1941). The counter-revolution of science. Economica, 8(31), 281–320.
Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010). Mixed methods research—Merging theory with practice. London: Guildford.
James, W. (1907). Pragmatism—A new name for some old ways of thinking. New York, NY: Longmans, Green.
Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112–133.
Leitch, C. M., Hill, F. M., & Harrison, R. T. (2009). The philosophy and practice of interpretivist research in entrepreneurship: Quality, validation, and trust. Organizational Research Methods, 13(1), 67–84.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2000). The only generalization is: There is no generalization. In R. Gomm, M. Hammersley, & P. Foster (Eds.), Case study method (pp. 27–44). London: Sage.
Mandelbrot, B. B., & Hudson, R. L. (2008). The (mis)behaviour of markets. London: Profile Books.
Maynard, M. (1994). Methods, practice and epistemology: The debate about feminism and research. In M. Maynard & J. Purvis (Eds.), Researching women’s lives from a feminist perspective (pp. 10–26). New York, NY: Taylor Francis.
Mertens, D. M. (2010). Transformative mixed methods research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16(6), 469–474.
Miller, S. I., & Fredericks, M. (2006). Mixed-methods and evaluation research: Trends and issues. Qualitative Health Research, 16(4), 567–579.
Morgan, D. L. (2007). Paradigms lost and pragmatism regained. Methodological implications of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 48–76.
Olesen, V. L. (2000). Feminism and qualitative research at and into the millenium. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 215–255). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Phillips, D. C., & Burbules, N. C. (2000). Postpositivism and educational research. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Popper, K. R. (1972). Objective knowledge: An evolutionary approach. Oxford: Clarendon.
Popper, K. (2005). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Routledge.
PWC. (2015). Venture capital investing exceeds $17 billion for the first time since Q4 2000. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com/us/en/press-releases/2015/venture-capital-investing-exceeds.html 2016/01/23
Reason, P. (1988). Human inquiry in action. London: Sage.
Reason, P., & Bradbury, H. (2008). Sage handbook of action research: Participative inquiry and practice (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Ryan, B., Scapens, R. W., & Theobald, M. (2002). Research method and methodology in finance and accounting (2nd ed.). London: Thomson.
Sara, C., & Peter, R. (1998). The financing of male– and female–owned businesses. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 10(3), 225–241.
Shane, S. A. (2007). A general theory of entrepreneurship: The individual-opportunity nexus (2nd ed.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Silverman, D. (1993). Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analysing talk, text, and interaction. London: Sage.
Slife, B. D., & Williams, R. N. (1995). What’s behind the research? Discovering hidden assumptions in the behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Singer, A. E. (2009). Classical pragmatism and modern finance. Human Systems Management, 28(3), 83–92.
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2010). Sage handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
Tunguz, T. (2015). Startup investment trends 2015. Retrieved from http://tomtunguz.com/startup-investment-trends-2015/
Weber, M. (1968). On charisma and institution building. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tech, R.P.G. (2018). Methodology: Mixed Methods Approach. In: Financing High-Tech Startups. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66155-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66155-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-66154-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-66155-1
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)