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Disease Ecology pp 213–266Cite as

Invasion of an Avian Nest Parasite, Philornis downsi, to the Galapagos Islands: Colonization History, Adaptations to Novel Ecosystems, and Conservation Challenges

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Abstract

This chapter discusses the invasion of an avian nest fly, Philornis downsi, to the Galapagos Islands, its interactions with novel bird hosts, and the strategies that are being implemented to protect threatened, endemic bird species. Philornis downsi was first recorded in the Galapagos less than 60 years ago and is the first bird parasite with parasitic larval stages and non-parasitic adults to reach the islands. Since its introduction, it has successfully spread to most islands and habitats in the archipelago and is associated with a wide range of bird hosts. The consequences of its feeding habits on naive birds have been deleterious to a large number of species, many of which are in decline. An international research group, coordinated by the Charles Darwin Foundation and Galapagos National Park Directorate, is studying various aspects of the biology of P. downsi and its impacts on selected bird species with the aim of fully understanding the complex interactions between flies and birds. The ultimate aim of these investigations is the development of effective management tools.

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Acknowledgements

We thank California Academy of Science for access to specimens, Mariana Bulgarella, Martin Quiroga and Mauricio Torres for help with Fig. 9.15, Brad Sinclair for his insights on hippoboscids and Jen Koop and Peter Boag for useful discussion. Permission to conduct this study was granted by the Galapagos National Park Directorate (Project: PC- 10-15 & 18-16: Control of the Invasive Parasite, Philornis downsi and its Impact on Biodiversity) and the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment. This work was supported by funding from the Galapagos Conservancy, the International Community Foundation (with a grant awarded by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust), University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment, McKnight Foundation and National Geographic. We thank Sabine Tebbich and Arno Cimadom for critical comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This is contribution number 2169 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands.

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  1. Landbird Conservation, Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador

    Birgit Fessl

  2. University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA

    George E. Heimpel

  3. Invasive Invertebrate Ecology and Management, Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador

    Charlotte E. Causton

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  1. Birgit Fessl
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Correspondence to Birgit Fessl .

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    Patricia G. Parker

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Fessl, B., Heimpel, G.E., Causton, C.E. (2018). Invasion of an Avian Nest Parasite, Philornis downsi, to the Galapagos Islands: Colonization History, Adaptations to Novel Ecosystems, and Conservation Challenges. In: Parker, P. (eds) Disease Ecology. Social and Ecological Interactions in the Galapagos Islands. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65909-1_9

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