Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optical Feedback in Interband Lasers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nonlinear Photonics in Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

  • 664 Accesses

Abstract

Optical feedback consists in reinjecting part of the emitted light of a laser into the laser cavity. This phenomenon can originate from parasitic reflections in the experimental setups, either on an optical component or on a fiber extremity. Therefore, optical feedback has been deeply studied in interband semiconductor lasers since the early seventies [1, 2]. This chapter aims to give an overview of the response of an interband laser to conventional optical feedback in static and dynamic regimes, both experimentally and numerically.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. R.F. Broom, E. Mohn, C. Risch, R. Salathe, Microwave self-modulation of a diode laser coupled to an external cavity. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 6(6), 328–334 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Ikushima, M. Maeda, Self-coupled phenomena of semiconductor lasers caused by an optical fiber. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 14(5), 331–332 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. D.M. Kane, K.A. Shore, Unlocking Dynamical Diversity: Optical Feedback Effects on Semiconductor Lasers (Wiley, Chichester, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. T.H. Maiman, R.H. Hoskins, I.J. D’Haenens, C.K. Asawa, V. Evtuhov, Stimulated optical emission in fluorescent solids. II. Spectroscopy and stimulated emission in ruby. Phys. Rev. 123, 1151 (1961)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. S.H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (Perseus Books, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  6. E. Rosencher, B. Vinter, Optoelectronics (Cambridge University Press, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  7. F.T. Arecchi, G.L. Lippi, G.P. Puccioni, J.R. Tredicce, Deterministic chaos in lasers with injected signal. Opt. Commun. 51(5), 308–314 (1984). Oct

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C.O. Weiss, W. Klische, P.S. Ering, M. Cooper, Instabilities and chaos of a single mode NH\(_3\) ring laser. Opt. Commun. 52(6), 405–408 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. F.T. Arecchi, R. Meucci, G. Puccioni, J. Tredicce, Experimental evidence of subharmonic bifurcations, multistability and turbulence in a Q-switched gas laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49(17), 1217–1220 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Vitre, K. Panajotov, H. Thienpont, M. Sciamanna, Deterministic polarization chaos in a laser diode. Nat. Photon. 7(1), 60–65 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. C.O. Weiss, A. Godone, A. Olafsson, Routes to chaotic emission in a cw He-Ne laser. Phys. Rev. A 28(2), 892–895 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Favre, D.L. Guen, J.-C. Simon, Optical feedback effects upon laser diode oscillation field spectrum. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory 30(10), 1700–1705 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Goldberg, H.F. Taylor, A. Dandridge, J.F. Weller, R. Miles, Spectral characteristics of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18(4), 555–564 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.W. Tkach, A.R. Chraplyvy, Regimes of feedback effects in 1.5 \(\mu \)m distributed feedback lasers. J. Lightwave Technol. 4(11), 1655–1661 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.C. Chung, Y.H. Lee, Spectral characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with external optical feedback. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 3(7), 597–599 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Donati, R.H. Hong, The diagram of feedback regimes revisited. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(4), 1500309 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J.S. Lawrence, D.M. Kane, P.S. Spencer, Suppression of coherence collapse in semiconductor diode lasers with short external cavities, in Advanced Semiconductor Lasers and Their Applications, no. 67. OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. Lang, K. Kobayashi, External optical feedback effects on semiconductor injection laser properties. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 16(3), 347–355 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Grillot, On the effects of an antireflection coating impairment on the sensitivity to optical feedback of AR/HR semiconductor DFB lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45(6), 720–729 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Olesen, J.H. Osmundsen, B. Tromborg, Nonlinear dynamics and spectral behavior for an external cavity laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22(6), 762–773 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Mork, M. Semkow, B. Tromborg, Measurement and theory of mode hopping in external cavity lasers. Electron. Lett. 26(9), 609–610 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Osmundsen, N. Gade, Influence of optical feedback on laser frequency spectrum and threshold conditions. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 19(3), 465–469 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. G.P. Agrawal, Line narrowing in a single-mode injection laser due to external optical feedback. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20(5), 468–471 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Petermann, Laser Diode Modulation and Noise (Springer, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  25. C.H. Henry, Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18, 259–264 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. K. Petermann, External optical feedback phenomena in semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1(2), 480–489 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. N. Schunk, K. Petermann, Numerical analysis of the feedback regimes for a single-mode semiconductor laser with external feedback. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(7), 1242–1247 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.H. Henry, R.F. Kazarinov, Instability of semiconductor lasers due to optical feedback from distant reflectors. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 22(2), 294–301 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. A.M. Levine, G.H.M. van Tartwijk, D. Lenstra, T. Erneux, Diode lasers with optical feedback: stability of the maximum gain mode. Phys. Rev. A 52(5), R3436–R3439 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Lenstra, B. Verbeek, A.D. Boef, Coherence collapse in single-mode semiconductor lasers due to optical feedback. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21(6), 674–679 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Kakiuchida, J. Ohtsubo, Characteristics of a semiconductor laser with external feedback. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30(9), 2087–2097 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. P.M. Alsing, V. Kovanis, A. Gavrielides, T. Erneux, Lang and Kobayashi phase equation. Phys. Rev. A 53(6), 4429–4434 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Hohl, A. Gavrielides, Bifurcation cascade in a semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1148–1151 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. A.T. Ryan, G.P. Agrawal, G.R. Gray, E.C. Gage, Optical-feedback-induced chaos and its control in multimode semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30(3), 668–679 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. J.Y. Law, G.P. Agrawal, Effect of optical feedback on static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(2), 353–358 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. J. Mork, B. Tromborg, J. Mark, Chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback: Theory and experiment. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 93–108 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. T. Mukai, K. Otsuka, New route to optical chaos: successive-subharmonic-oscillation cascade in a semiconductor laser coupled to an external cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55(17), 1711–1714 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. T. Heil, I. Fischer, W. Elsässer, Dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to delayed optical feedback: The short cavity regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87(24), 243901 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. R.J. Jones, P.S. Spencer, J. Lawrence, D.M. Kane, Influence of external cavity length on the coherence collapse regime in laser diodes subject to optical feedback. Optoelectronics, IEE Proceedings 148(1), 7–12 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. O. Ushakov, S. Bauer, O. Brox, H.J. Wünsche, F. Henneberger, Dynamics of lasers with ultra-short optical feedback. Proc. SPIE 5349, 348 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Sciamanna, P. Mégret, M. Blondel, Hopf bifurcation cascade in small-\(\alpha \) laser diodes subject to optical feedback. Phys. Rev. E 69, 046209 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Ohtsubo, Feedback induced instability and chaos in semiconductor lasers and their applications. Opt. Rev. 6(1), 1–15 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. G.C. Dente, P.S. Durkin, K.A. Wilson, C.E. Moeller, Chaos in the coherence collapse of semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(12), 2441–2447 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. F. Grillot, N.A. Naderi, M. Pochet, C.Y. Lin, L.F. Lester, Semiconductor Technologies.   InTech, 2010, ch. The critical feedback level in nanostructure-based semiconductor lasers

    Google Scholar 

  45. T. Heil, I. Fischer, W. Elsässer, Coexistence of low-frequency fluctuations and stable emission on a single high-gain mode in semiconductor lasers with external optical feedback. Phys. Rev. A 58(4), R2672 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Mork, B. Tromborg, P.L. Christiansen, Bistability and low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback: a theoretical analysis. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(2), 123–133 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. T. Sano, Antimode dynamics and chaotic itinerancy in the coherence collapse of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. Phys. Rev. A 50(3), 2719–2726 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. D.W. Sukow, J.R. Gardner, D.J. Gauthier, Statistics of power-dropout events in semiconductor lasers with time-delayed optical feedback. Phys. Rev. A 56, R3370–R3373 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. P. Besnard, B. Meziane, G. Stephan, Feedback phenomena in a semiconductor laser induced by distant reflectors. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(5), 1271–1284 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. J. Sacher, W. Elsässer, E.O. Göbel, Intermittency in coherence collapse of a semiconductor laser with external feedback. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(20), 2224–2227 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. M.C. Eguia, G.B. Mindlin, Semiconductor laser with optical feedback: from excitable to deterministic low-frequency fluctuations. Phys. Rev. E 60, 1551–1557 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Panajotov, M. Sciamanna, M.A. Arteaga, H. Thienpont, Optical feedback in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19(4), 1700312 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. F. Kuwashima, T. Ichikawa, I. Kitazima, H. Iwasawa, Chaotic oscillations in single-mode class A He-Ne Laser (6328A) II. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38(11), 6321–6326 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. F. Kuwashima, I. Kitazima, H. Iwasawa, Theory of chaotic dynamics on class A laser with optical delayed feedback. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(2R), 601 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. D. Pieroux, P. Mandel, Bifurcation diagram of a complex delay-differential equation with cubic nonlinearity. Phys. Rev. E 67, 056213 (2003)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  56. C. Wang, Modulation dynamics of InP-based nanostructure laser and quantum cascade laser. Ph.D. dissertation, INSA Rennes, 2015

    Google Scholar 

  57. D. O’Brien, S.P. Hegarty, G. Huyet, Sensitivity of quantum-dot semiconductor lasers to optical feedback. Opt. Lett. 29(10), 1072–1074 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. C. Otto, K. Lüdge, E. Viktorov, T. Erneux, Chap. Quantum dot laser tolerance to optical feedback, in Nonlinear Laser Dynamics—From Quantums Dots to Cryptography (Wiley, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  59. K.D. LaViolette, The impact of Rayleigh backscatter induced noise on QPSK transmission with Fabry-Perot lasers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 706–708 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. A. Uchida, Optical Communication with Chaotic Lasers (Wiley, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  61. M. Sciamanna, K.A. Shore, Physics and applications of laser diode chaos. Nat. Photon. 9, 151–162 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. F.-Y. Lin, J.-M. Liu, Chaotic lidar. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(5), 991–997 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. F.-Y. Lin, J.-M. Liu, Chaotic radar using nonlinear laser dynamics. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40(6), 815–820 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  64. G.D. VanWiggeren, R. Roy, Communication with chaotic lasers. Science 279, 1198–1200 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Kurashige, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, P. Davis, Fast physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers. Nat. Photon. 2, 728–732 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  66. M.C. Soriano, J. Garcia-Ojalvo, C.R. Mirasso, I. Fischer, Complex photonics: dynamics and applications of delay-coupled semiconductor lasers. Rev. Mod. Phys. 85(1), 421–470 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Dejonckheere, F. Duport, A. Smerieri, L. Fang, J.-L. Oudar, M. Haelterman, S. Massar, All-optical reservoir computer based on saturation of absorption. Opt. Express 22(9), 10868–10881 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  68. K. Vandoorne, P. Mechet, T.V. Vaerenbergh, M. Fiers, G. Morthier, D. Verstraeten, B. Schrauwen, J. Dambre, P. Bienstman, Experimental demonstration of reservoir computing on a silicon photonics chip. Nat. Commun. 5, 3541 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  69. J. Nakayama, K. Kanno, A. Uchida, Laser dynamical reservoir computing with consistency: an approach of a chaos mask signal. Opt. Express 24(8), 8679–8692 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Communications and Electronics, Télécom ParisTech, Paris, France

    Louise Jumpertz

  2. mirSense, Palaiseau, France

    Louise Jumpertz

Authors
  1. Louise Jumpertz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Louise Jumpertz .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jumpertz, L. (2017). Optical Feedback in Interband Lasers. In: Nonlinear Photonics in Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65879-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation