Abstract
This Chapter summarizes the main developments in international co-operation on aid and trade with developing countries in the period 2000–2008. During this period developing countries made tremendous economic progress. They also participated in a number of international agreements aimed at solidifying the commitment of the international community to help reduce global poverty as well as shape the rules of international trade in ways that would be more supportive of development. The first of these agreements, perhaps the one with the greatest global reach, was the UN Millennium Declaration in late summer 2000 which contained what later became the Millennium Development Goals. Then there was the WTO agreement in 2001 to launch the Doha Round, the International Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey in 2002, the Paris Agreements on Aid Effectiveness in 2005 and many others. All this spirit of international co-operation came to a crashing halt with the financial collapse of 2008 and has not recovered since.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Since 1993, the commitment of ODA was linked to Gross National Income (GNI) rather than GNP. GNI is typically somewhat smaller than GNP.
- 2.
There was substantial coordination at the Johannesburg meeting on climate change in 2003.
- 3.
Unfortunately, progress was not sustained in recent periods.
- 4.
Herfk ens left the campaign in 2008 and was not replaced. The campaign continued with a much lower profile under direction from the UN DP.
- 5.
The 15 years ended in late 2016, but the EU and the US objected to changing China’s designation, leading to a continued controversy on the issue.
- 6.
There was a further complication indicative of the challenges of international coordination: as Taiwan was a member of the WTO but not of the UN, neither the UN nor UNCTAD nor the WTO could host the meeting. So the organizing institutions had to rent a separate building for this purpose.
- 7.
See Chap. 6. Not surprisingly, Herfk ens, who was the Netherlands’ Ambassador to the United Nations and the WTO in Geneva at the time, used her World Bank experience and contacts to help produce a successful result.
References
CGD (2003) www.cgdev.org/commitment-development-award.
Easterly, W. (2007) ‘Are Aid Agencies Improving’ Economic Policy, 22 (52).
Harrison, A. (2007) Globalization and Poverty, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Herfkens, E. (2002) Speech at Finance and Development Conference, Monterrey., March 22.
Herfkens, E. (2007a) ‘The Successes and Challenges in Mobilizing Support for the Millennium Development Goals’, UN Chronicle XLV (1).
Herfkens, E. (2007b) Speech, August 30, Berlin.
Herfkens, E. (2009) ‘Dead Aid or Recovering Patient?’ Op-ed on websites of DAC News, World Economy and Development; and ICTSD Brides 13(2).
Herman, B. (2006) ‘The Politics of Inclusion in the Monterrey Process’ DESA Working Paper #23, ST/ESA/2006/WP/23, (New York. UN).
Jacoby, R. (2017) Letter to C. Michalopoulos, January 30.
IMF/World Bank (2007) ‘ Aid for Trade-Harnessing Globalization for Economic Development’, staff study prepared for Development Committee meeting (Washington, DC:IMF/World Bank).
IMF, OECD, United Nations, World Bank (2000) 2000 A Better World for All (New York, UN).
Kauffman, D. (2009) Aid Effectiveness and Governance, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Special Report, (Washington, DC: World Bank).
Laborde, D. (2008) ‘Looking for a Meaningful Duty Free Quota Free Market Access Initiative in the Doha Development Agenda’ ICTSD, Issue Paper 4 (Geneva: ICTSD).
Lancaster, C. (2008) George Bush’s Foreign Aid: Transformation or Chaos? (Washington, DC: Center for Global Development).
Liebrechts R. and P. Wimenga (2004) ‘The IF for Trade Related Technical Assistance to LDCs’ Country Reports of Ethiopia and Yemen (Rotterdam: ECORY/NEI).
Michalopoulos, C. (2005) ‘Enhancing the Integrated Framework: A New Approach’, mimeo, prepared for the UK Department for International Development.
Michalopoulos, C. (2014) Emerging Powers in the WTO, (Houndsmills: Palgrave).
Moyo, D. (2009) Dead Aid, (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux).
OECD (2011a) The OECD at 50: Development Co-operation Past, Present and Future, (Paris: OECD).
OECD (2011b) Aid for Trade at a Glance 2011: Showing Results (Paris: OECD).
OECD (2013) Aid for Trade in 2010: Continued Growth, Modest Outlook (Paris: OECD).
Short, C. (2004) An Honorable Deception? (London: Free Press).
Stiglitz, J. and A. Charlton (2006) ‘Aid for Trade’, International Journal of Development Issues 5(2): 1–41.
UN (1997) Agenda for Development General Assembly Resolution 51/240, Annex sales no. E98.1.3, (New York: UN).
UN (2003) Financing for Development, Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, (New York: UN).
USAID (2005) ‘Integrated Framework Simulation’ Geneva, October.
World Bank (2004) Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance: An Independent Evaluation of the World Bank’s Approach to Global Programs OED (Washington, DC: World Bank).
World Bank (2005) Are We on Track to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals? ABCDE Conference, F. Bourgignon, B. Pleskovic and A. Sapir Eds. (Washington, DC and New York: World Bank and Oxford University Press).
World Bank (2008) The Growth Report, (Washington DC: World Bank).
WTO (2000) ‘Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Assistance to LDCs: The Process to Date, Concerns and Suggested Improvements’, WT/COMTD/LDC/W/18, (Geneva: WTO).
WTO (2001a) ‘Doha WTO Ministerial ‘Ministerial Declaration’, WT/MIN(01)DEC/1., November.
——— (2001b) Doha WTO Ministerial ‘Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health’, WT/MIN (01) DEC/2.
——— (2003) ‘Final Report of the Evaluation of the Integrated Framework: Summary’ WT/IFSC/6/Rev2/Add.1, December.
——— (2006) ‘Recommendations of the Aid for Trade Task Force’ WT/AFT/1., July.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michalopoulos, C. (2017). Millennium Aid, Trade and Development. In: Aid, Trade and Development. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65861-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65861-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65860-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65861-2
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)