Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Contraception for Women with Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Diabetes in Pregnancy

  • 1970 Accesses

Abstract

Contraception is an essential component of health care for reproductive-age women. It is estimated that up to two-thirds of pregnancies in diabetic patients are unplanned. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of hormonal contraception, emergency contraception, and long-acting reversible contraception and their use specifically in women with diabetes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Byrd-Holt DD, Eberhardt MS, Flegal KM, Engelgau MM, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(6):1263–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Matsuda Y, Masho S, McGrath JM. The relationship between repeated unintended pregnancies and current contraceptive use: National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) 2006–2008 data. J Community Health Nurs. 2012;29:163–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Chandra A, Martinez GM, Mosher WD, Abma JC, Jones J. Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Stat. 2005;23(25):1–160.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Powers BJ, Brown G, Williams RW, Speers W. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. World Heal Organ. 2015;87(5):276. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.2165/00128413-200112870-00010%5Cn, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519579

    Google Scholar 

  5. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. Adapted from the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, MMWR, vol. 59, 4th ed. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control. 2010. p. 1–86. Available from: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed9&NEWS=N&AN=20559203.

  6. Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(10):7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Tamim H. How does gestational diabetes affect postpartum contraception in nondiabetic primiparous women? Contraception. 2009;79(4):290–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Weintrob N, Karp M, Moshe H. Short- and long-range complications in offspring of diabetic mothers. J Diabetes Complicat. 1996;10(5):294–301.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ng CHM, Fraser IS, Berbic M. Contraception for women with medical disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28(6):917–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Klein BEK, Klein R, Moss SE. Exogenous estrogen exposures and changes in diabetic retinopathy: the Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(12):1984–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kjaer K, Hagen C, Sando SH, Eshoj O. Contraception in women with IDDM: an epidemiological study. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(11):1585–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Diabetes Care. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016 : summary of revisions. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(Suppl 1):S4–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696680%5Cnhttp://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2337/dc16-S003

    Google Scholar 

  13. Vahratian A, Barber JS, Lawrence JM, Kim C. Family-planning practices among women with diabetes and overweight and obese women in the 2002 National Survey for Family Growth. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1026–31.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Kaunitz A. ACOG practice bulletin no. 73: use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1453–72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16738183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kjos SL. After pregnancy complicated by diabetes: postpartum care and education. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2007;34:335–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kiley JW, Hammond C, Niznik C, Rademaker A, Liu D, Shulman LP. Postpartum glucose tolerance in women with gestational diabetes using levonorgestrel intrauterine contraception. Contraception. 2015;91(1):67–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kjos SL, Peters RK, Xiang A, Thomas D, Schaefer U, Buchanan TA. Contraception and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latina women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1998;280(6):533–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9707143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim C, Siscovick DS, Sidney S, Lewis CE, Kiefe CI, Koepsell TD. Oral contraceptive use and association with glucose, insulin, and diabetes in young adult women: the CARDIA study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(6):1027–32. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/6/1027.full

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, et al. A prospective study of oral contraceptives and NIDDM among U.S. women. Diabetes care. 1997;20(3):330–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9051382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rimm EB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, et al. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a large prospective study of women. Diabetologia. 1992;35(10):967–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gourdy P. Diabetes and oral contraception. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;27(1):67–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Garg SK, Chase HP, Marshall G, Hoops SL, Holmes DL, Jackson WE. Oral contraceptives and renal and retinal complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 1994;271(14):1099–102. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8151852

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Visser J, Snel M, Van Vliet Huib AAM. Hormonal versus non-hormonal contraceptives in women with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(3):CD003990. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003990.pub4. Review. PMID: 23543528.

  24. Sitruk-Ware R, Nath A. Metabolic effects of contraceptive steroids. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2011;12(2):63–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD006133.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tepper NK, Whiteman MK, Marchbanks PA, James AH, Curtis KM. Progestin-only contraception and thromboembolism: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94:678–700.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lidegaard O, Lokkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2890. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b2890.full.pdf+html

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Mantha S, Karp R, Raghavan V, Terrin N, Bauer KA, Zwicker JI. Assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic events in women taking progestin-only contraception: a meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345(aug07 2):e4944. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.e4944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Lidegaard O. Oral-contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism - the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102(2):153–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Van Hylckama VA, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR. The risk of deep venous thrombosis associated with injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptives or a levonorgestrel intrauterine device. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(11):2297–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. O’Brien SH, Koch T, Vesely SK, Schwarz EB. Hormonal contraception and risk of thromboembolism in women with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(2):233–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Petitti DB, Sidney S, Bernstein A, Wolf S, Quesenberry C, Ziel HK. Stroke in users of low-dose oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(1):8–15. Available from: pm:8637557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Contraception SH. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO collaborative study of cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception. Lancet. 1996;348(9026):498–505. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8757151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Kemmeren JM, Cats VM, Helmerhorst FM, Algra A, et al. Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(25):1787–93. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752354

  35. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives - results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. Contraception. 1998;57(5):315–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Lauring JR, Lehman EB, Deimling TA, Legro RS, Chuang CH. Combined hormonal contraception use in reproductive-age women with contraindications to estrogen use. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):330.e1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Black A, Guilbert E, Costescu D, Dunn S, Fisher W, Kives S, et al. Canadian contraception consensus (part 3 of 4): chapter 7 - intrauterine contraception. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2016;38(2):182–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Daniels K, Mosher WD. Contraceptive methods women have ever used: United States, 1982–2010. Natl Health Stat Report. 2013;(62):1–15. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24988816

  39. Lewis MA. The transnational study on oral contraceptives and the health of young women. Methods, results, new analyses and the healthy user effect. Hum Reprod Update. 1999;5(6):707–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Speroff L, DeCherney A. Evaluation of a new generation of oral contraceptives. The advisory board for the new progestins. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;81:1034–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Muhn P, Fuhrmann U, Fritzemeier KH, Krattenmacher R, Schillinger E. Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;761:311–35.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Farley TM, Collins J, Schlesselman JJ. Hormonal contraception and risk of cardiovascular disease. An international perspective. Contraception. 1998;57(3):211–30. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9617537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Xu H, Eisenberg DL, Madden T, Secura GM, Peipert JF. Medical contraindications in women seeking combined hormonal contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210:210.e1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Abrams LS, Skee DM, Natarajan J, Wong FA, Lasseter KC. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of a contraceptive patch in healthy women participants. Contraception. 2001;64(5):287–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Pfeifer S, et al. Combined hormonal contraception and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a guideline. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(1):43–51. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0015028216628479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jensen JT, Mishell DR Jr. Family planning contraception, sterlizaton, and pregnancy termination. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. Philadelphia: Mosby-Elsevier; 2012. p. 215–72.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  47. Coffey PS, Kilbourne-Brook M, Austin G, Seamans Y, Cohen J. Short-term acceptability of the PATH Woman’s condom among couples at three sites. Contraception. 2006;73(6):588–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Schwartz JL, Barnhart K, Creinin MD, Poindexter A, Wheeless A, Kilbourne-Brook M, et al. Comparative crossover study of the PATH Woman’s condom and the FC female condom. Contraception. 2008;78(6):465–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Joanis C, Beksinska M, Hart C, Tweedy K, Linda J, Smit J. Three new female condoms: which do South-African women prefer? Contraception. 2011;83(3):248–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Beksinska ME, Piaggio G, Smit JA, Wu J, Zhang Y, Pienaar J, et al. Performance and safety of the second-generation female condom (FC2) versus the Woman’s, the VA worn-of-women, and the Cupid female condoms: A randomised controlled non-inferiority crossover trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1(3):e146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Weller SC, Davis-Beaty K. Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002;(1):CD003255. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003255.

  52. Trussell J, Sturgen K, Strickler J, Dominik R. Comparative contraceptive efficacy of the female condom and other barrier methods. Fam Plan Perspect. 1994;26(2):66–72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8033980

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Daniels K, Daugherty J, Jones J. Current contraceptive status among women aged 15-44: United States, 2011-2013. NCHS Data Brief. 2014;173:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Peterson HB, Xia Z, Hughes JM, Wilcox LS, Tylor LR, Trussell J, et al. The risk of pregnancy after tubal sterilization: findings from the U.S. collaborative review of sterilization. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;174:1161–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Shawe J, Lawrenson R. Hormonal contraception in women with diabetes mellitus: Special considerations. Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2:321–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Roth MY, Page ST, Bremner WJ. Male hormonal contraception: Looking back and moving forward. Andrology. 2016;4:4–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 4801 Alberta Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA

    Sushila Arya MD, FACOG

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA

    Sanja Kupesic MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Sushila Arya MD, FACOG
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sanja Kupesic MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sushila Arya MD, FACOG .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA

    Lisa E. Moore

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Arya, S., Kupesic, S. (2018). Contraception for Women with Diabetes. In: Moore, L. (eds) Diabetes in Pregnancy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65518-5_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65518-5_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65517-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65518-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation