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Selected Topics in Cosmic Ray Physics

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Multiple Messengers and Challenges in Astroparticle Physics

Abstract

The search for the origin of cosmic rays is as active as ever, mainly driven by new insights provided by recent pieces of observation. Much effort is being channelled in putting the so-called supernova paradigm for the origin of galactic cosmic rays on firmer grounds, while at the highest energies we are trying to understand the observed cosmic-ray spectra and mass composition and relating them to potential sources of extragalactic cosmic rays. Interestingly, a topic that has acquired a dignity of its own is the investigation of the transition region between the galactic and extragalactic components, once associated with the ankle and now increasingly thought to be taking place at somewhat lower energies. Here, we summarize recent developments in the observation and understanding of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays and we discuss the implications of such findings for the modelling of the transition between the two.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Here we do not consider the case of neutrons because their decay time is much shorter than all other scales involved in the propagation of UHECR [241, 242].

  2. 2.

    Also referred as GZK cutoff or suppression.

  3. 3.

    We will not discuss here the case of the possible presence of extragalactic magnetic fields, we will come back to this point in the forthcoming section “Intergalactic Magnetic Fields”.

  4. 4.

    Given a distribution of sources with a number density \(n_S\) each with the same luminosity \(L_S\), the energy emitted per unit time and volume (emissivity) is given by \(\mathcal{L}_S=n_SL_S\).

  5. 5.

    For a recent detailed discussion of EMC development on CMB and EBL see [299] and references therein.

  6. 6.

    Distance at which the peripheral velocity of the star reaches the speed of light \(2\pi R_L/P=c\) and the magnetic field lines spiral outwards along the azimuth.

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Acknowledgements

This review paper sprang out of the workshop ‘Multiple Messengers and Challenges in Astroparticle Physics’, held at GSSI from 6 to 17 October 2014. The authors acknowledge all participants for making many discussions possible during and after the workshop. The authors are also grateful to their colleagues at the GSSI, at the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, at the LNGS, at the University of Salento and the University of L’Aquila for stimulating discussions on the topics illustrated in the review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, L’Aquila, Italy

    Roberto Aloisio, Pasquale Blasi & Ivan De Mitri

  2. Laboratori Nazionali Gran Sasso INFN, Assergi (L’Aquila), Italy

    Roberto Aloisio, Pasquale Blasi & Ivan De Mitri

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università Dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Sergio Petrera

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    Roberto Aloisio

  2. Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy

    Eugenio Coccia

  3. Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy

    Francesco Vissani

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Aloisio, R., Blasi, P., De Mitri, I., Petrera, S. (2018). Selected Topics in Cosmic Ray Physics. In: Aloisio, R., Coccia, E., Vissani, F. (eds) Multiple Messengers and Challenges in Astroparticle Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65425-6_1

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