Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Higher Education and Post-Conflict Recovery pp 141–175Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Reconstruction and Statebuilding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter analyses the contributions that higher education can make to the processes of post-war reconstruction and statebuilding. It begins by analysing the importance of skills and human capital to the core tasks associated with reconstruction. The role of higher education in economic recovery is then addressed including re-pooling human capital, enhancing economic governance, and supporting knowledge-led growth. The role of higher education in producing research to support post-conflict recovery is then considered. The chapter then analyses higher education in statebuilding in the areas of capacity-building, the rule of law, and state legitimacy, before finally examining the contribution the sector can make to democratisation and civic development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Notes

  1. 1.

    Interview with Professor Mohamed Mashena, Dean of Engineering, Tripoli University. Tripoli, Libya. November 2011.

  2. 2.

    Interview with Dr Zekia Deeb, Head of the Department of Translation, Tripoli University. Tripoli, Libya. November 2011.

  3. 3.

    Interview with Haneef Atmar, former Minister of Education, Government of Afghanistan. York, UK. July 2012.

  4. 4.

    Interview with senior academic, Islamic University of Gaza, who wish to remain anonymous. London, UK, February 2016.

  5. 5.

    Interview with Dr Kahtan Al Khazraji. President of the University of Technology. Amman, Jordan. January 2011.

  6. 6.

    Interview with two anonymous senior officials, Economic Development Board. Tripoli, Libya. November 2012.

  7. 7.

    Interview with Ali Baban, former Minister of Planning, Government of Iraq. Manchester, UK. April 2013.

  8. 8.

    Interview with anonymous lecturer, Shatt-Al-Arab University College. Amman, Jordan–December 2010.

  9. 9.

    Interviews with former vice-President for Academic Affairs, Al-Nahrain University–Amman, Jordan. February 2011; former lecturer, University of Baghdad . Amman, Jordan January 2011; former Dean, University of Baghdad . Amman, Jordan. February 2011.

  10. 10.

    See Chapter. 7 for a critique of the equity dimension of this dynamic

  11. 11.

    Interviews with 50 Iraqi academics. Amman, Jordan. June 2009 – February 2011.

  12. 12.

    Interview with anonymous former Dean of Faculty, University of Baghdad . Amman, Jordan. December 2010.

  13. 13.

    Interviews with 60 faculty members and focus groups with students at eight Libyan universities, October-December 2012.

  14. 14.

    Interview with Dr Sami Khashkusha, Department of Political Science, Tripoli University. Tripoli, Libya. November 2012.

  15. 15.

    Interviews with two anonymous senior academics at Tripoli University involved in the TUPRL and that were both present at the meeting with the university President. Tripoli, Libya. November 2012.

List of Works Cited

  • Abboud, S. (2008). Failures (and Successes?) of Neoliberal Economic Policy in Iraq. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 2(3), 425–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agresto, J. (2007). Mugged By Reality: The Liberation of Iraq and the Failure of Good Intentions. New York: Encounter Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Harithy, H. (Ed.). (2010). Lessons in Post-War Reconstruction: Case Studies from Lebanon in the Aftermath of the 2006 War. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Lami, M. (2010, June). Academic Freedom in Iraq: Too Costly a Right. University Values.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allawi, A. (2007). The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the Peace, Losing the War. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altinyelken, H. K. (2015). Democratising Turkey Through Student-Centred Pedagogy: Opportunities and Pitfalls. Comparative Education, 51(4), 484–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2015.1081794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anand, P. B. (2005). Getting Infrastructure Priorities Right in Post-Conflict Reconstruction (Research Paper No. 2005/42). WIDER/United Nations University.

    Google Scholar 

  • AusAID. (2011). Framework for Working in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States: Guidance for Staff. Australian Agency for International Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, N. J. (2011). Post-Soviet Universities as Development in Practice: Local Experience and Global Lessons. Development in Practice, 21(8), 1050–1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2011.590881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, B., & Scheye, E. (2007). Multi-Layered Justice and Security Delivery in Postconflict and Fragile States. Conflict, Security & Development, 7(4), 503–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678800701692944.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balsvik, R. R. (1998). Student Protest – University and State in Africa 1960–1995. Forum for Development Studies, 25(2), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.1998.9666087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, S. (Ed.). (2005). After the Conflict: Reconstruction and Development in the Aftermath of War. London: IB Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, S., & Chard, M. (2005). Building Post-War Capacity: Where to Start? In S. Barakat (Ed.), After the Conflict: Reconstruction and Development in the Aftermath of War (pp. 173–190). London: IB Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, S., & Zyck, S. (2008). Housing Compensation & Disaster Preparedness in the Aftermath of the July 2006 War in South Lebanon. Report. Post-War Reconstruction and Development Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barakat, S., Waldman, T., & Varisco, A. (2014). Understanding Influence: The Use of Statebuilding Research in British Policy. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benavot, A. (1996). Education and Political Democratization: Cross-National and Longitudinal Findings. Comparative Education Review, 40(4), 377–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berdal, M. (2009). Building Peace After War. London: IISS/Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertelsen, M. (2009). Role of Higher Education in Agriculture and Environmental Sciences in Post Conflict Countries: A Review of the Literature (Unpublished Paper). USAID.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boughton, B. (2005). Post-Conflict Higher Education Challenges in Timor Leste. IAU Horizons: Higher Education News. International Association of Universities Newsletter, 11(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brannelly, L., Lewis, L., & Ndaruhutse, S. (2011). Higher Education and the Formation of Developmental Elites: A Literature Review and Preliminary Data Analysis (Research Paper). Developmental Leadership Program. CfBT Education Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkerhoff, D. (2005). Rebuilding Governance in Failed States and Post-Conflict Societies: Core Concepts and Cross-Cutting Themes. Public Administration and Development, 25(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkerhoff, J. (2008). Exploring the Role of Diasporas in Rebuilding Governance in Post-Conflict Societies. In R. Bardouille, M. Ndulo, & M. Grieco (Eds.), Africa’s Finances: The Contribution of Remittances (pp. 239–262). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkerhoff, D., & Mayfield, J. (2005). Democratic Governance in Iraq? Progress and Peril in Reforming State-Society Relations. Public Administration and Development, 25(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckland, P. (2005). Reshaping the Future: Education and Postconflict Reconstruction. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckland, P. (2006). Post-Conflict Education: Time for a Reality Check? Forced Migration Review, Education Supplement, July, 7–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, K., & Duggan, C. (2014). How Can Research Contribute to Peacebuilding? Peacebuilding, 2(4), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2014.887617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butare, A. (2004). Income Generating Activities in Higher Education: The Case of Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management (KIST). Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2(3), 37–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Challoner, K., & Forget, N. (2011). Effect of Civil War on Medical Education in Liberia. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 4(6).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, D. (2006). Empire in Denial: The Politics of State-Building. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chard, M. (2005). The Impact of Capacity Building for the Development of the Social Institutions of War-Torn Countries: Mozambique’s Vision for Education and Its Multiple Partners (PhD Thesis). Post-War Reconstruction and Development Unit: University of York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauvet, L., & Collier, P. (2004). Development Effectiveness in Fragile States: Spillovers and Turnarounds. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Department of Economics, Oxford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauvet, L., & Collier, P. (2007). Education in Fragile States. Background Paper Prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2008 Education for All by 2015: Will We Make It?

    Google Scholar 

  • Chivvis, C., Crane, K., Mandaville, P., & Martini, J. (2012). Libya’s Post-Qaddafi Transition: The Nation-Building Challenge. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation: National Security Research Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, K., Jayarman, S., Kyamanywa, P., & Ntakiyiruta, G. (2014). Building Research Capacity in Africa: Equity and Global Health Collaborations. PLoS Med, 11(3), e1001612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, S., & O’Donoghue, T. (Eds.). (2013). School-Level Leadership in Post-Conflict Societies: The Importance of Context. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, P. (2009). Post-Conflict Recovery: How Should Strategies Be Distinctive? Journal of African Economies, 18(1), 99–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejp006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., & Söderbom, M. (2008). Post-Conflict Risks. Journal of Peace Research, 45(4), 461–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343308091356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contreras, A., & Gollin, G. (2009). The Real and the Fake Degree and Diploma Mills. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 41(2), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.3200/CHNG.41.2.36-43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Court, D. (1980). The Development Ideal in Higher Education: The Experience of Kenya and Tanzania. Higher Education, 9(6), 657–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coyne, C. (2005). The Institutional Prerequisites for Post-Conflict Reconstruction. The Review of Austrian Economics, 18(3–4), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-005-4016-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Da Costa, H. (2012). g7+ and the New Deal: Country-Led and Country-Owned Initiatives: A Perspective from Timor-Leste. Journal of Peacebuilding and Development, 7(2), 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2012.743819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daddieh, C. K. (1996). Universities and Political Protest in Africa: The Case of Cote D’Ivoire. Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 24(1), 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, L. (2002). DfEE Support to the University of Pristina, January–November 2001: Project Evaluation Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, L. (2009b). The Place of Higher Education in Improving Human Rights and Governance. In D. Stephens (Ed.), Higher Education and International Capacity Building: Twenty-Five Years of Higher Education Links (pp. 165–183). Oxford: Symposium Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, E. (2005, October). Strategies for Promoting Democracy in Iraq. United States Institute for Peace: Special Report 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. (2012). Corporations, Global Governance and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daxner, M., & Schrade, U. (2013). Higher Education in Afghanistan: Governance at Stake (SFB-Governance Working Paper Series No. 63). Berlin: Collaborative Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Waal, A. (1997). Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. Oxford: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Zeeuw, J. (2005). Projects Do Not Create Institutions: The Record of Democracy Assistance in Post-Conflict Societies. Democratization, 12(4), 481–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340500226036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Castillo, G. (2008). Rebuilding War-Torn States: The Challenge of Post-Conflict Economic Reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Deolalikar, A. (1999). Socioeconomic Development in Cambodia. In D. Sloper (Ed.), Higher Education in Cambodia: The Social and Educational Context for Reconstruction (pp. 25–50). Bangkok: UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of State. (2002). Post-Conflict Education. Future of Iraq Project: Education Working Group. United States Department of State.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterly, W., & Nyako, Y. (2008). Is the Brain Drain Good for Africa? (Working Paper 19). Brookings Global Economy and Development. Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzioni, A. (2004). Reconstruction: An Agenda. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970601075881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University–Industry–Government Relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feuer, H., Hornidge, A.K., & Schetter, C. (2013). Rebuilding Knowledge: Opportunities and Risks for Higher Education in Post-Conflict Regions (Working Paper 121. ZEF Working Paper Series). Bonn: Center for Development Research: University of Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gberie, L., & Mosley, J. (2016). Research and Knowledge Systems in Liberia. Oxford: INASP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, A., & Lockhart, C. (2007). Writing the History of the Future: Securing Stability through Peace Agreements. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 1(3), 275–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970701592249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, A., & Lockhart, C. (2008). Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, A., Lockhart, C., & Carnahan, M. (2005). Closing the Sovereignty Gap: An Approach to State-Building (Working Paper 253). London: Overseas Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, A., Carnahan, M., & Lockhart, C. (2006). Stability, State-Building and Development Assistance: An Outside Perspective (Working Paper). Princeton: Princeton Project on National Security.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, J., & DeFronzo, J. (2009). A Comparative Framework for the Analysis of International Student Movements. Social Movement Studies, 8(3), 203–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830903024309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giustozzi, A. (2010a). Between Patronage and Rebellion: Student Politics in Afghanistan. Kabul: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Liberia. (2012). “The Indispensable Role of Tertiary Education in Liberia’s Post-Conflict Development”: Address by Her Excellency Madam Ellen Johnson Sirleaf President of the Republic of Liberia. Government of Liberia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. (2011). Corruption and Afghanistan’s Education Sector. Norfolk: Civil-Military Fusion Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamoudi, H. (2005). Toward a Rule of Law Society in Iraq: Introducing Clinical Legal Education into Iraqi Law Schools. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 23(1), 112–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayman, R. (2007). Are the MDGs Enough? Donor Perspectives and Recipient Visions of Education and Poverty Reduction in Rwanda. International Journal of Educational Development, 27(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.10.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, E., & Rangwala, G. (2006). Iraq in Fragments: The Occupation and Its Legacy. London: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hexom, B., Calvello, E., Babcock, C., Fowler, R., Theodosis, C., Sirleaf, J., Kotlyar, S., & Tupesis, J. (2012). A Model for Emergency Medicine Education in Post-Conflict Liberia. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2(4), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2012.08.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, R. (2007). Building Capacity in Quality Assurance: The Challenge of Context. In S. Vincent-Lancrin (Ed.), Cross Border Tertiary Education: A Way Toward Capacity Development (pp. 109–157). Paris: OECD/World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • HRW. (2008). “The Best School”: Student Violence, Impunity, and the Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire. Human Rights Watch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, D., & Leftwich, A. (2014). From Political Economy to Political Analysis (Research Paper 25). Developmental Leadership Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, G., Mack, A., & Golden, K. S. (2005). Public Health Education: A Report from Mosul and a Plan for Change. BMC Public Health, 5(29). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-5-29.

  • Huntington, S. (1991). The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • IDRC/CCNY. (2012). Eliciting and Applying Local Research Knowledge for Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (Occasional Paper). International Development Research Centre and Carnegie Corporation of New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • INASP. (2016). Understanding Research and Knowledge Systems in the Somali Regions. Report of a Roundtable Convened by INASP and the Rift Valley Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • IRIN. (2005, July 29). Cote D’Ivoire: University Polarised by Political Violence. IRIN News: UN OCHA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jawad, S., & The Current State of Iraqi Higher and General Education. (2012). In D. Adriaensens, W. Treunen, S. Zemni, C. Parker, & L. De Cauter (Eds.), Beyond Educide: Sanctions, Occupation and the Struggle for Higher Education in Iraq (pp. 23–30). Gent: Academia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A. T., & Hoba, P. (2015). Rebuilding Higher Education Institutions in Post-Conflict Contexts: Policy Networks, Process, Perceptions, and Patterns. International Journal of Educational Development, 43(July), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.05.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jok, J. M. (2016). Research and Knowledge Systems in South Sudan. Oxford: INASP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandeh, J. (2005). The Criminalization of the RUF Insurgency in Sierra Leone. In C. Arnson & W. Zartman (Eds.), Rethinking the Economics of War: The Intersection of Need, Creed and Greed (pp. 84–106). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katorobo, J. (2007). Restoring the Post-Conflict Public Service to Its Position as the Heartbeat of Government. In UNDESA (Ed.), Building Capacities for Public Service in Post-Conflict Countries (pp. 50–64). ST/ESA/PAD/SER.E/121. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempner, K., & Jurema, A. (2012). Higher Education and the Public Sphere in Angola. In B. Pusser, K. Kempner, S. Marginson, & I. Ordorika (Eds.), Universities and the Public Sphere Knowledge Creation and State Building in the Era of Globalization (pp. 159–177). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerry, J. (2011). Evaluating U.S. Foreign Assistance to Afghanistan. A Majority Staff Report Prepared for the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. (2005). Markets, States and Democracy: Patron–Client Networks and the Case for Democracy in Developing Countries. Democratization, 12(5), 704–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340500322157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. (2013). Political Settlements and the Design of Technology Policy. In J. Stiglitz, J. Y. Lin, & E. Patel (Eds.), The Industrial Policy Revolution II. Africa in the 21st Century (pp. 243–280). London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. (2008). Teacher Management Issues in Fragile States: Illustrative Examples from Afghanistan and Southern Sudan. Background Paper Prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2009, Overcoming Inequality: Why Governance Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreimer, A., Eriksson, J., Muscat, R., Arnold, M., & Scott, C. (1998). The World Bank’s Experience with Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Krieger, Z. (2007, May 18). Iraq’s Universities Near Collapse. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruss, G., McGrath, S., Peterson, I., & Gastrow, M. (2015). Higher Education and Economic Development: The Importance of Building Technological Capabilities. International Journal of Educational Development, 43, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.04.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, K. (1998). Postconflict Elections and International Assistance. In K. Kumar (Ed.), Postconflict Elections, Democratization and International Assistance. London: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, A., & Coburn, N. (2014). Youth Mobilization and Political Constraints in Afghanistan: The Y Factor (Special Report 341). United States Institute of Peace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, G., Ajak, P. B., & Pritchett, L. (2013). South Sudan’s Capability Trap: Building a State with Disruptive Innovation (CID Working Paper No. 268). Cambridge: Center for International Development: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif, A. (2006). Democratization and Radicalization in Iraqi Campuses. Iraqi Prospect Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leather, A., Ismail, E. A., Ali, R., Abdi, Y., Abby, M., Gulaid, S., Walhad, S., Guleid, S., Ervine, I., Lowe-Lauri, M., Parker, M., Adams, S., Datema, M., & Parry, E. (2006). Working Together to Rebuild Health Care in Post-Conflict Somaliland. The Lancet, 368(9541), 1119–1125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebeau, Y. (2008). Universities and Social Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Global Rhetoric and Local Contradictions. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 38(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920701676905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. (2004). Malaysian Universities: Towards Equality, Accessibility, and Quality. In P. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian Universities: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges (pp. 221–246). Baltimore: John Hopkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leftwich, A. (2009). Bringing Agency Back In: Politics and Human Agency in Building Institutions and States. Synthesis and Overview Report. Developmental Leadership Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemay-Hébert, N. (2009). Statebuilding without Nation-building? Legitimacy, State Failure and the Limits of the Institutionalist Approach. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 3(1), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502970802608159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, S. (2007). Understanding Statebuilding and Local Government in Afghanistan (Working Paper No. 14). Crisis States Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luescher-Mamashela, T., Kiiru, S., Mattes, R., Mwollo-ntallima, A., Ng’ethe, N., & Romo, M. (2011). The University in Africa and Democratic Citizenship: Hothouse or Training Ground? Report on Student Surveys conducted at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, the University of Cape Town, South Africa, and the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. HERANA and Centre For Higher Education Transformation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maclure, R., & Denov, M. (2009). Reconstruction Versus Transformation: Post-War Education and the Struggle for Gender Equity in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(6), 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2008.11.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, C. (2002). Elite Habituation to Democracy in Mozambique: The View from Parliament, 1994–2000. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 40(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/713999579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mario, M., Fry, P., Levy, L., & Chilundo, A. (2003). Higher Education in Mozambique: A Case Study. James Currey/Partnership for Higher Education in Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marotta, D., Mark, M., Blom, A., & Thorn, K. (2007). Human Capital and University-Industry Linkages’ Role in Fostering Firm Innovation: An Empirical Study of Chile and Colombia (Policy Research Working Paper 4443). The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcloughlin, C. (2014). State Legitimacy (DLP Concept Brief 02). Developmental Leadership Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcloughlin, C. (2015). When Does Service Delivery Improve the Legitimacy of a Fragile or Conflict-Affected State? Governance, 28(3), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millican, J. (2008). What Can Student Community Engagement Programmes Contribute to the Development of Citizenship in a Society Recovering from Conflict? In Proceedings of the 4th International Barcelona Conference on Higher Education. Vol. 5. The Role of Higher Education in Peace Building and Reconciliation Processes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millican, J. (2014). Engaging with the Other: Student Community Engagement and the Development of Citizenship After Conflict. In J. Laker, C. Naval, & K. Mrnjaus (Eds.), Citizenship, Democracy and Higher Education in Europe, Canada and the USA (pp. 107–122). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mursal, F., Odowa, A., & Mosley, J. (2016). Research and Knowledge Systems in Somalia and Somaliland. INASP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, T., & Riddle, L. (2010). Investing in Peace: The Motivational Dynamics of Diaspora Investment in Post-Conflict Economies. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0399-z.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, M. (1998). Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2002). Capacity Building. OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2010). The State’s Legitimacy in Fragile Situations. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • OHCHR. (2006). Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Mapping the Justice Sector (HR/PUB/06/2). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ordorika, I., & Pusser, B. (2007). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México as a State-Building University. In P. Altbach & J. Balán (Eds.), World Class Worldwide: Transforming Research Universities in Asia and Latin America (pp. 396–411). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostheimer, A. (1999). Transforming Peace into Democracy: Democratic Structures in Mozambique. African Security Review, 8(6), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1999.9628156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özerdem, A., & Roberts, R. (Eds.). (2012). Challenging Post-Conflict Environments: Sustainable Agriculture. Farnham/Burlington: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco, I. (2013). Conflict, Postconflict, and the Functions of the University: Lessons from Colombia and Other Armed Conflicts (PhD Thesis). Boston College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paris, R. (2004). At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Paris, R., & Sisk, T. (2009). Introduction: Understanding the Contradictions of Postwar Statebuilding. In R. Paris & T. Sisk (Eds.), The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations (pp. 1–20). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • PGD/OECD. (2010). The Contribution of Diaspora Return to Post-Conflict and Fragile Countries: Key Findings and Recommendations. Partnership for Democratic Governance/OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, S. (2013). Political Settlements and State Formation: The Case of Somaliland (Research Paper 23). Developmental Leadership Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickering, P. (2011). Explaining the Varying Impact of International Aid for Local Democratic Governance in Bosnia-Herzegovina (NCEEER Working Paper 825-09g). Washington, DC: National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, University of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pouligny, B. (2005). Civil Society and Post Conflict Peacebuilding: Ambiguities of International Programmes Aimed at Building ‘New’ Societies. Security Dialogue, 36(4), 495–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pouligny, B. (2010). State-Society Relations and Intangible Dimensions of State Resilience and State Building: A Bottom-Up Perspective (EUI Working Paper RSCAS 2010/33). Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, M. (2005). The Political Economy of Peacebuilding: A Critical Theory Perspective. International Journal of Peace Studies, 10(2), 23–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rathmell, A., Frederiksen, P., Hayden, S., & Kishinchand, S. (2007). Strengthening Capacity Building and Public-Sector Management in Iraq. Post-Conflict Reconstruction Project: Center for Strategic and International Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawaf, S. (2005). The Health Crisis in Iraq. Critical Public Health, 15(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581590500134208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D. (2008). Post-Conflict Statebuilding and State Legitimacy: From Negative to Positive Peace? Development and Change, 39(4), 537–555. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00495.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, P., & Greeley, M. (2006). Education in Fragile States: Capturing Lessons and Identifying Good Practice. Prepared for the DAC Fragile States Group Service Delivery Workstream Sub-Team for Education Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Routley, L. (2012). Developmental States: A Review of the Literature (ESID Working Paper No. 03). Manchester: Effective States and Inclusive Development: University of Manchester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugumamu, S., & Gbla, O. (2003). Studies in Reconstruction and Capacity Building in Post-conflict Countries in Africa: Some Lessons of Experience from Uganda. The African Capacity Building Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sall, E., Lebeau, Y., & Kassimir, R. (2003). The Public Dimensions of the University in Africa. Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 1(1), 126–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sannerholm, R. (2007). Legal, Judicial and Administrative Reforms in Post-Conflict Societies: Beyond the Rule of Law Template. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 12(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krm004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schieffer, A., & Lessem, R. (2016). Integral Development: Realising the Transformative Potential of Individuals, Organisations and Societies. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweisfurth, M., Davies, L., Symaco, L., Valiente, O., & Robles, C. (2016). Developmental Leadership in the Philippines: Educational Experiences, Institutions and Networks (Research Paper 39). Developmental Leadership Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillinger, K. (2005). Recognizing Somaliland: Forward Step in Countering Terrorism? The RUSI Journal, 150(2), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840509441968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shils, E., & Roberts, J. (2004). The Diffusion of European Models Outside Europe. In W. Ruegg (Ed.), A History of the University in Europe (Vol. 3, pp. 163–230). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen, S. (2005). Addressing Ethnic Divisions in Post-Conflict Institution-Building: Lessons from Recent Cases. Security Dialogue, 36(3), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010605057017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sloper, D. (1999). Higher Education in Cambodia: An Overview and Key Issues. In D. Sloper (Ed.), Higher Education in Cambodia: The Social and Educational Context for Reconstruction (pp. 1–21). Bangkok: UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sriprakash, A. (2010). Child-Centred Education and the Promise of Democratic Learning: Pedagogic Messages in Rural Indian Primary Schools. Development, 30(3), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.11.010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stansfield, G. (2007). Iraq: People, History, Politics. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stromseth, J., Wippman, D., & Brooks, R. (2006). Can Might Make Rights? Building the Rule of Law After Military Interventions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Suhrke, A., Chaudhary, T. W., Harpviken, K. B., Sarwari, A., & Strand, A. (2008). Applied Social Science Research in Afghanistan: An Overview of the Institutional Landscape. International Peace Research Institute/Chr. Michelsen Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swenson, G., & Sugerman, E. (2011). Building the Rule of Law in Afghanistan: The Importance of Legal Education. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 3(1), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S187640451110007X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarawallie, M. (2016). Sierra Leone Research and Knowledge Systems: A Rapid Literature Review. Oxford: INASP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilak, J. (2002). Knowledge Society, Education and Aid. Compare, 32(3), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305792022000007463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, D., & Solomon, A. (2006). United Nations Reform and Supporting the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Societies. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 19, 29–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torabi, Y., & Delsegues, L. (2008). Afghanistan: Bringing Accountability Back in: From Subjects of Aid to Citizens of the State. Integrity Watch Afghanistan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Un, K. (2009). The Judicial System and Decentralization in Post-Conflict Cambodia. In J. Öjenda & M. Lilja (Eds.), Beyond Democracy in Cambodia: Political Reconstruction in a Post-Conflict Society (pp. 70–100). Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. (2003). Government Institutions, Civil Society, the Rule of Law and Media: United Nations/World Bank Joint Iraq Needs Assessment (Working Paper). United Nations Development Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. (2013). Livelihoods and Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations. New York: United Nations Development Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNFPA. (2010). State of the World Population 2010. From Conflict and Crisis to Renewal: Generations of Change. United Nations Population Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandewalle, D. (2006). A History of Modern Libya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, W. (2006, June 9). Exiles Find a Home from Home – of Sorts. Times Higher Education Supplement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, C. (2007). Reconceptualizing Legal Education After War. The American Journal of International Law, 101(2), 382–403. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000293000003013X.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, P. (2009). Medical Faculties Decimated by Violence in Iraq. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 181(9), 576–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, R. (2008). The Effect of Education on Democratisation: A Review of Past Literature and Suggestions for a Globalised Context. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 6(2), 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767720802058849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilde, A., & Mielke, K. (2013). Order, Stability, and Change in Afghanistan: From Top-Down to Bottom-Up State-Making. Central Asian Survey, 32(3), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2013.843309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2011). World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2013b). Higher Education in Afghanistan: An Emerging Mountainscape. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2015). Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee. The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank/UNDP. (2005, September 19–21). Rebuilding Post-Conflict Societies: Lessons from a Decade of Global Experience. Workshop Report. World Bank/UNDP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yousif, B. (2006). Coalition Economic Policies in Iraq: Motivations and Outcomes. Third World Quarterly, 27(3), 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590600587770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeilig, L. (2007). Revolt and Protest: Student Politics and Activism in Sub-Saharan Africa. London/New York: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zurayk, R., Gough, A., Sourani, A., & Al Jaajaa, M. (2012, September 13–14). Food Security Challenges and Innovation: The Case of Gaza. High Level Forum on Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdul-Kadir, S., & Yacoub, S. (2011, November 3). Some 20,000 Government Employees in Iraq, Including to Top Posts, Investigated for Fake Documents. Canadian Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Conflict and Humanitarian Studies, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar

    Sansom Milton

Authors
  1. Sansom Milton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Milton, S. (2018). Reconstruction and Statebuilding. In: Higher Education and Post-Conflict Recovery . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65349-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation