Abstract
The energy density of rechargeable batteries has improved more than six times over the past 150 years. Currently commercial versions of lithium-ion boast an impressive 265 Wh/kg with possible improvements to 315 Wh/kg. Due to its high energy density, this technology has started to recapture automotive markets worldwide. However, post-lithium-ion batteries promise energy densities of more than 500 Wh/kg which will be high enough to power aviation. A stringent requirement of a post-lithium-ion battery is the replacement of currently commercial graphite anodes with energy-dense metal anodes. Unfortunately, the safety of metallic lithium is hindered by dendritic growth so smooth plating magnesium metal anodes have been proposed instead. Magnesium also has double the volumetric energy density of lithium and a far cheaper cost due to higher abundance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Banerjee A, Ziv B, Levi E et al (2016) Single-wall carbon nanotubes embedded in active masses for high-performance lead-acid batteries. J Electrochem Soc 163:A1518–A1526. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0261608jes
Yazami R, Touzain P (1983) A reversible graphite-lithium negative electrode for electrochemical generators. J Power Sources 9:365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(83)87040-2
Ferg E, Gummow RJ, de Kock A, Thackeray MM (1994) Spinel anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Electrochem Soc 141:L147–L150. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2059324
Zachau-Christiansen B, West K, Jacobsen T, Atlung S (1990) Lithium insertion in oxide spinels. Solid State Ionics 40:580–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(90)90075-3
Mizushima K, Jones PC, Wiseman PJ, Goodenough JB (1980) LixCoO2 (0 < x < −1): a new cathode material for batteries of high energy density. Mater Res Bull 15:783–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4
Thackeray MM, David WIF, Bruce PG, Goodenough JB (1983) Lithium insertion into manganese spinels. Mater Res Bull 18:461–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(83)90138-1
Padhi AK, Nanjundaswamy KS, Goodenough JB (1997) Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 144:1188–1194. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1837571
Inamasu T, Katayama Y, Arai S, Nakagome T (2000) Studies on lithium nickel oxide as positive active material for lithium ion polymer battery. Yuasa Jiho 89:44–48
Yabuuchi N, Ohzuku T (2003) Novel lithium insertion material of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 for advanced lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 119–121:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00173-3
Ellis LD, Xia J, Louli AJ, Dahn JR (2016) Effect of substituting LiBF4 for LiPF6 in high voltage lithium-ion cells containing electrolyte additives. J Electrochem Soc 163:A1686–A1692. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0851608jes
Ma L, Glazier SL, Petibon R, et al (2017) A guide to ethylene carbonate-free electrolyte making for li-ion cells. http://jes.ecsdl.org. Accessed 21 Mar 2017
Xia J, Petibon R, Xiong D et al (2016) Enabling linear alkyl carbonate electrolytes for high voltage li-ion cells. J Power Sources 328:124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.015
Liao J-Y, Oh S-M, Manthiram A (2016) Core/double-shell type gradient Ni-rich LiNi0.76Co0.10Mn0.14O2 with high capacity and long cycle life for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:24543–24549. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06172
Qiu W, Xia J, Chen L, Dahn JR (2016) A study of methyl phenyl carbonate and diphenyl carbonate as electrolyte additives for high voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/graphite pouch cells. J Power Sources 318:228–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.105
Zhang H, Karki K, Huang Y et al (2017) Atomic insight into the layered/spinel phase transformation in charged LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode particles. J Phys Chem C 121:1421–1430. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b10220
Bucur CB, Gregory T, Oliver AG, Muldoon J (2015) Confession of a magnesium battery. J Phys Chem Lett 6:3578–3591. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01219
Choi JW, Aurbach D (2016) Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities. Nat Rev Mater 1:16013. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.13
Muldoon J, Bucur CB, Gregory T (2014) Quest for nonaqueous multivalent secondary batteries: magnesium and beyond. Chem Rev 114:11683–11720. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500049y
Muldoon J, Bucur CB, Gregory T (2017) Fervent hype behind magnesium batteries: an open call to synthetic chemists—electrolytes and cathodes needed. Angew Chem Int Ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201700673
Saha P, Datta MK, Velikokhatnyi OI et al (2014) Rechargeable magnesium battery: current status and key challenges for the future. Prog Mater Sci 66:1–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2014.04.001
Gaddum LW, French HE (1927) The electrolysis of grignard solutions. J Am Chem Soc 49:1295–1299. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01404a020
Aurbach D, Lu Z, Schechter A et al (2000) Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Nature 407:724–727. https://doi.org/10.1038/35037553
Matsui M (2011) Study on electrochemically deposited mg metal. J Power Sources 196:7048–7055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.141
Aurbach D, Gofer Y, Schechter A et al (2001) A comparison between the electrochemical behavior of reversible magnesium and lithium electrodes. J Power Sources 97–98:269–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00622-X
Keyzer EN, Glass HFJ, Liu Z et al (2016) Mg(PF6)2-based electrolyte systems: understanding electrolyte–electrode interactions for the development of mg-ion batteries. J Am Chem Soc 138:8682–8685. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04319
Ha S-Y, Lee Y-W, Woo SW et al (2014) Magnesium(II) Bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide-based electrolytes with wide electrochemical windows for rechargeable magnesium batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:4063–4073. https://doi.org/10.1021/am405619v
Vestfried Y, Chusid O, Goffer Y et al (2007) Structural analysis of electrolyte solutions comprising magnesium−aluminate chloro−organic complexes by raman spectroscopy. Organometallics 26:3130–3137. https://doi.org/10.1021/om061076s
Pour N, Gofer Y, Major DT, Aurbach D (2011) Structural analysis of electrolyte solutions for rechargeable mg batteries by stereoscopic means and dft calculations. J Am Chem Soc 133:6270–6278. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1098512
Kim HS, Arthur TS, Allred GD et al (2011) Structure and compatibility of a magnesium electrolyte with a sulphur cathode. Nat Commun 2:427. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1435
Muldoon J, Bucur CB, Oliver AG et al (2012) Electrolyte roadblocks to a magnesium rechargeable battery. Energy Environ Sci 5:5941–5950. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EE03029B
Kuwata H, Matsui M, Imanishi N (2016) Surface analysis of magnesium metal anode for rechargeable magnesium batteries. ECS Meet Abstr 03:370–370
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bucur, C.B. (2018). Introduction. In: Challenges of a Rechargeable Magnesium Battery. SpringerBriefs in Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65067-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65067-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-65066-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-65067-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)