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Regenerating Regional Culture pp 111–161Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Edge-of-the-Map Locations: Outposts of Sustainable Culture

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Part of the book series: Sociology of the Arts ((SOA))

Abstract

Frank investigates book towns as sustainable culture-led rural regeneration projects through exploring key motivations for the support of book towns by governments and development agencies as ‘edge-of-the-map’ attractions that ‘create something out of nothing’, as Landry recommends (2008). She identifies the peripherality of book towns and their distance from urban centres of culture as intrinsic to their success. Unlike in cities, entrepreneurs and booksellers can afford spacious unoccupied properties that, grouped together, create specialized book clusters. Case studies of book towns in Clunes, Australia and Sedbergh, England, are presented, demonstrating the attraction of book towns to change makers and other talented individuals as well as the culturally savvy wishing to travel to be part of literary and intellectual dialogues.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Paasi (1991, p. 249) describes a region as a ‘socio-spatial unit with a longer historical duration, a representation of “higher-scale” history into which inhabitants are socialized as part of the reproduction of the society. Region is thus essentially a social and cultural category with an explicit collective dimension representing institutional practices sedimented in the history of the region … It is mediated into daily life and is produced and reproduced in multitudinous social practices through communications and symbols, which can be common to all individuals in a region, though the meanings associated with them will always be construed personally on the basis of specific life situations and biographies. Individuals come and go; regions remain and are transformed.’

  2. 2.

    Refer to The Wickerman Festival, http://www.thewickermanfestival.co.uk

  3. 3.

    Over the five years prior to this report, the number of people attending Wigtown Book Festival events increased from 2300 in 2003 to 12,400 in 2008. This represented an increase in attendance of over 400% (Refer to The Economic Impact of StenaLine Wigtown Book Festival 2008, a report prepared for Wigtown Festival Company by Cogent Strategies International Limited 2009, p. 9). Since that time, growth has escalated further. For example, Wigtown Book Festival’s attendance grew 18% between 2014 and 2016, with a total attendance in 2016 of approximately 25,000, with approximately 11,250 unique visitors. The festival created £2.1 million for the Dumfries and Galloway economy, and the event had a 23:1 return on public investment ( Wigtown Festival Company Business Plan 2017–2021, p. 5; Turpin , personal interview 2017).

  4. 4.

    The term ‘social capital’ has attained currency most notably through the works of Bourdieu (1984, 1986) and Putnam (1995, 2000). In his studies of Italian communities, Putnam’s over-arching finding is that any increase or decrease in the level of social capital in a community leads to a corresponding decline in the quality of life within that community. Social capital and strong communities are therefore closely linked. A strong community is one with high levels of coordination and cooperation for reciprocal and mutual benefit where there are lively civic engagement and effective collective action (Putnam 2000). Social capital is the ‘grease that allows the community to wheel to advance smoothly’ (Putnam 2000) and is essentially the development of a network of trust within a community (Cuers and Hewston 2006).

  5. 5.

    MacLeod (2009, p. 143) lists examples of groups created with relation to the theme town developments, including Wigtown Book Town Company, Kirkcudbright Forum, Kirkcudbright 2000, CDFTI, The District of Wigtown Chamber of Commerce, Wigtown Book Festival Company and Glorious Galloway: http://www.gloriousgalloway.com. He also refers to international links established with the French towns of Pont Aven and Bécherel, and the fact that Wigtown hosted the 2003 festival for the IOB.

  6. 6.

    Refer to http://www.booktown.clunes.org

  7. 7.

    The 2011 Census recorded a population of 1373, an increase of approximately one-quarter since the 2006 Census record of 1026: http://www.victorianplaces.com.au/clunes

  8. 8.

    The Jones family managed Reverie Books in Trentham for many years (McFadyen 2005).

  9. 9.

    Refer to http://wordsinwinter.com/event

  10. 10.

    Refer to http://www.clunesbooktown.com.au/bookshop-directory-2

  11. 11.

    Refer to http://www.oecd.org/publications/tourism-and-the-creative-economy-9789264207875-en.htm

  12. 12.

    Refer to http://clunesbooktown.com.au/creative-victoria-grant-success

  13. 13.

    Refer to Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal, http://www.frrr.org.au

  14. 14.

    Refer to https://www.wheelercentre.com/about-us

  15. 15.

    A two-hour catchment includes major conurbations of Greater Manchester, Leeds/Bradford and Merseyside ( Nelson, personal interview 2011).

  16. 16.

    WanderingEducators.com is an international community of travelling educators, and a resource for discovering extraordinary travel destinations, fascinating people, and global artists and photographers, among many published articles. As well, WanderingEducators.com is the largest source of travel guide reviews on the internet. Refer to http://www.wanderingeducators.com/learn-more.html

  17. 17.

    Sedbergh Book Town Limited and Sedbergh Book Town Literary Trust , Growing and Thriving Joint Business Plan 2008–2011, pp. 16–17. Sedbergh: Sedbergh Book Town Limited.

  18. 18.

    For example, R.F.G. Hollett, a well-known antiquarian bookshop, had been located in Sedbergh for over 40 years ( Nelson, personal interview 2011).

  19. 19.

    Cumbria Vision is the dynamic strategic organization charged with leading the economic regeneration of Cumbria. It published the Cumbria Economic Plan in September 2007, which focuses on the development of key sectors in the county’s economy that have the potential for sustained growth, including digital, cultural and creative industries: see http://www.copeland.gov.uk/attachments/cumbria-economic-plan-2007

  20. 20.

    Refer to Book Village Foundation Malaysia: http://www.bookvillagemalaysia.com/

  21. 21.

    Refer to ‘IOB – International Organisation of Book Towns’, Booktown.Net: World of Books, http://www.booktown.net/gi.asp, 5 March 2009.

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  1. Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia

    Jane Frank

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Frank, J. (2018). Edge-of-the-Map Locations: Outposts of Sustainable Culture. In: Regenerating Regional Culture. Sociology of the Arts . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65036-4_4

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