Skip to main content

Which Commemorative Models Help? A Case Study from Post-Yugoslavia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Replicating Atonement

Part of the book series: Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies ((PMMS))

Abstract

Nießer scrutinizes the idea that a specific (national) model of dealing with the past helps also in other contexts. Grounded in ethnographic research on the RECOM initiative to establish a regional truth commission, she contrasts the “German way of remembering” with the institutional model of a truth commission. Through her post-Yugoslav case study, Nießer shows how treating Germany as a role model for dealing with past crimes rests on a fallacy that blends one country’s experience with international human rights discourse. The technical language of transitional justice is better suited to implementation as a model. However, the case of the RECOM initiative also illustrates that treating transitional justice as a model ready for implementation is also more problematic than its toolbox-style vocabulary suggests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adorno, Theodor W. 1977. Was bedeutet: Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit [1959]. In Gesammelte Schriften, 555–572. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armakolas, Ioannis, and Eleni Vossou. 2008. Transitional Justice in Practice: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and Beyond. UNISCI Discussion Papers 18: 20–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assmann, Aleida. 2013. Das neue Unbehagen an der Erinnerungskultur: Eine Intervention. München: C.H. Beck.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Assmann, Aleida, and Ute Frevert. 1999. Geschichtsvergessenheit—Geschichtsversessenheit: Vom Umgang mit deutschen Vergangenheiten nach 1945. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aucoin, Louis, and Eileen Babbitt. 2006. Transitional Justice: Assessment Survey of Conditions in the Former Yugoslavia. Report. Belgrade: United Nations Development Program—UNDP, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohnet, Henri, and Daniela Bojadzieva. 2011. “Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung auf dem Balkan. Der Lustrationsprozess in Mazedonien.” Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Auslandsinformation 1: 62–75, www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_21550-544-1-30.pdf?110112143505. Accessed 19 Feb 2015.

  • Brunner, José, Constantin Goschler, and Norbert Frei. 2013. Die Globalisierung der Wiedergutmachung. In Wiedergutmachung und Gerechtigkeit, Thematic Issue 25–26 of Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 25–26, 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley-Zistel, Susanne. 2008. Transitional Justice als Weg zu Frieden und Sicherheit: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. (SFB Governance Working Paper 15), http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/docs/receive/FUDOCS_document_000000000826. Accessed 6 March 2014.

  • Bundeszentrale. 2013. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, ed. Wiedergutmachung und Gerechtigkeit, Thematic Issue 25–26 of Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bundeszentrale. 2014. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, ed. 2014. “History of the bpb.” www.bpb.de/die-bpb/147828/history-of-the-bpb. Accessed 6 March 2014.

  • Clark, Phil, and Nicola Frances Palmer. 2012. Introduction: Challenging Transitional Justice. In Critical Perspectives in Transitional Justice, ed. Nicola Frances Palmer, Clark Philip, and Danielle Granville, 1–16. Cambridge, Portland and Oregon: Intersentia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coalition for RECOM. 2014. Press release “Coalition for RECOM support Statute Changes.” 18 November 2014. www.zarekom.org/news/Coalition-for-RECOM-support-Statute-Changes.en.html. Accessed 18 Feb 2015.

  • Cornelißen, Christoph. 2003. Was heißt Erinnerungskultur? Begriff—Methoden—Perspektiven. Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 54: 548–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Lellio, Anna, and Caitlin McCurn. 2013. Engineering Grassroots Transitional Justice in the Balkans: The Case of Kosovo. East European Politics and Societies, 129–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duijzings, Ger. 2007. Commemorating Srebrenica: Histories of Violence and the Politics of Memory in Eastern Bosnia. In eds. Bougarel, Xavier, Helms, Elisa, and Duijzings, Ger. The New Bosnian Mosaic. Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. 141–166. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Martina. 2008. Friedens- und Versöhnungsprozesse im Westlichen Balkan: Von den Schwierigkeiten des Umgangs mit gewaltsamer Vergangenheit. Berghof Working Paper, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Martina, and Ljubinka Petrović-Ziemer. 2013. Dealing with the Past in the Western Balkans: Initiatives for Peacebuilding and Transitional Justice in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia. Berghof Report 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • forumZFD. 2015. Balkan.Perspectives 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Thomas C. 1999. Stated Memory: East Germany and the Holocaust Rochester. New York: Camden House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gathmann, Florian. 2013. Painful Past: German President Visits Nazi Massacre Site. Spiegel Online. 4 September. www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-president-gauck-visits-oradour-sur-glane-site-of-nazi-massacre-a-920478.html. Accessed 20 Dec 2013.

  • Giesecke, Dana, and Welzer, Harald. 2012. Das Menschenmögliche. Zur Renovierung der deutschen Erinnerungskultur. Hamburg: Edition Körber-Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordy, Eric. 2013. Guilt, Responsibility, and Denial: The Past at Stake in Post-Milošević Serbia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hayner, Priscilla B. 2002. Unspeakable Truths: Facing the Challenges of Truth Commissions. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodžić, Refik. 2013. Accepting a Difficult Truth: ICTY is Not Our Court. Balkan Insight. www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/accepting-a-difficulttruth-icty-is-not-our-court. Accessed 12 March 2014.

  • Hoffmann, Nina. 2004. Reconciliation/Versöhnung auf dem Balkan – eine Bestandsaufnahme. Centrum für Angewandte Politikforschung der Bertelsmann Stiftung. München. www.cap.uni-muenchen.de/publikationen/cap/versoehnung_balkan.htm. Accessed 19 Feb 2015.

  • Humanitarian Law Center. 2008. Transitional Justice in Post-Yugoslav Countries. 2007 Report. Belgrade.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, Michael. 2002. The Politics of Atrocity and Reconciliation: From Terror to Trauma. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICTJ 2004. Commission for the Investigation of the Events in and around Srebrenica between the 10th and 19th of July, 1995. ICTJ Case Studies Series: Bosnia and Herzegovina: Selected Developments in Transitional Justice. October, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICTJ 2005. ICTJ Annual Report 2004/2005. www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ_AnnualReport_2004–5.pdf.

  • ICTJ. 2013a. About Us. http://ictj.org/about. Accessed 5 Dec 2013.

  • ICTJ. 2013b. Drafting a Truth Commission Mandate: A Practical Tool. http://ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Report-DraftingMandate-Truth-Commission-2013_0.pdf. Accessed 17 Dec 2013.

  • Ilić, Dejan. 2004. The Yugoslav Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Overcoming Cognitive Blocks, Eurozine. www.eurozine.com/articles/2004-04-23-ilic-en.html. Accessed 12 March 2014.

  • Jureit, Ulrike, and Christian Schneider. 2010. Gefühlte Opfer: Illusionen der Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karačić, Darko, Tamara Banjeglav, and Nataša Govedarica (eds.). 2012. Revizija prošlosti: Politike sjećanja u Bosni i Hercegovini, Hrvatskoj i Serbiji od 1990 godine. Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kriesberg, Louis. 2001. Changing Forms of Coexistence. In Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence. Theory and Practice, ed. Mohammed Abu-Nimer. Lanham, MD, 47–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritika. 2014. Kritika inicijative REKOM. www.zarekom.org/Press-Clipping/Kritika-Inicijative-REKOM-c12/index.hr.html. Accessed 14 Jan 2014.

  • Krüger, Anne K. 2012. From Truth to Reconciliation: The Global Diffusion of Truth Commissions. In Reconciliation, Civil Society, and the Politics of Memory. Transnational Initiatives in the 20th and 21st Centuries, ed. Birgit Schwelling, 339–367. Bielefeld: Transcript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger, Anne K. 2014. Wahrheitskommissionen: Die globale Verbreitung eines kulturellen Modells. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langenohl, Andreas. 2010. Memory in Post-Authoritarian Societies. In A Companion to Cultural Memory Studies, ed. Astrid Erll, and Ansgar Nünning, 163–172. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lasić, Mile. 2011. Kultura sjećanja. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung: Pledoaje za izgradnju kulture sjećanja i u regiji jugoistoka Europe. Sarajevo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Christoph (ed.). 2007. Bilder nach dem Sturm: Wahrheitskommissionen und historische Identitätsstiftung zwischen Staat und Zivilgesellschaft. Berlin: LIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moll, Nicolas. 2008. La réconciliation franco-allemande et les Balkans: une motivation, pas un modèle. L’Europe en formation 349–350: 33–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nießer, Jacqueline. 2013. “‘Nemoj mi samo o miru i ljubavi!‘ Versöhnung als Tabu auf dem Gebiet des ehemaligen Jugoslawien?“ Kakanien Revisited 3–4: 1–10. www.kakanien.ac.at/beitr/re_visions/JNiesser1.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2014.

  • OFAJ. 2010. 10 years Southeast Europe Initiative of the Franco-German Youth Office. In OFAJ/DFJW, Balkans. www.dfjw.org/sites/default/files/OFAJ-BALKANS-2010.pdf, 4. Accessed 9 Feb 2015.

  • Ostojić, Mladen. 2013. Facing the Past while Disregarding the Present? Human Rights NGOs and Truth-Telling in Post-Milosevic Serbia. In Civil Society and Transitions in the Western Balkans, ed. Vesna Bojicic-Dzelilovic, James Ker-Lindsay, and Denisa Kostovicova, 230–247. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Petrović, Vladimir. 2007. Models of Public Memory Protection: Combating the Denial. Forum for Transitional Justice 1: 165–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proces REKOM. 2014. Proces REKOM Izvještaj rujan 2012—siječanj 2014. www.recom.link/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Proces-REKOM-rujan-2012-sije%C4%8Danj-2014.pdf.

  • Reichel, Peter. 2001. Vergangenheitsbewältigung in Deutschland: Die Auseinandersetzung mit der NS-Diktatur von 1945 bis heute. München: C.H. Beck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Recom. 2012. German Experience of Reconciliation: International Day of Holocaust Remembrance. Recom Initiative !Voice 3: 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Recom Report. 2010. Report About The Consultative Process on Instruments of Truth-Seeking About War Crimes and Other Serious Violations of Human Rights in Post-Yugoslav Countries May 2006–June 2009. www.zarekom.org/uploads/documents/2010/11/i_186/f_2/f_111_en.pdf. Accessed 3 Dec 2013.

  • Rekom. 2011. Izvještaj o Procesu REKOM za period od svibnja 2006. do kolovoza 2011. www.zarekom.org/documents/Izvjestaj-o-Procesu-REKOM-za-period-od-svibnja-2006-do-kolovoza-2011_.hr.html. Accessed 9 Sept 2012.

  • Rekom. 2013. Članovi koalicije. www.zarekom.org/documents/Clanice-koalicije.hr.html?page=132. Accessed 9 Dec 2013.

  • Rekom Izvještaj. 2013. Izvještaj o progresu javnog zagovaranja Inicijative REKOM listopad 2011—svibanj 2012, www.zarekom.org/uploads/documents/2012/06/i_2283/f_5/f_3044_hr.pdf. Accessed 10 Dec 2013.

  • Rekom Materijali. 2013. Materijali korišćeni na konsultacijama. www.zarekom.org/documents/Materijali-korisceni-na-konsultacijama.sr.html. Accessed 17 Dec 2013.

  • Rekom Odgovor. 2010. Odgovor REKOM-a organizacijama koje su istupile iz Koalicije. Pešćanik 1 June 2010. http://pescanik.net/2010/06/odgovor-rekom-a-organizacijama-koje-su-istupile-iz-koalicije. Accessed 14 Jan 2014.

  • Rekom Priopćenja. 2013. Predsjednik Srbije imenovao suca Sinisu Vazica za osobnog izaslanika za REKOM. http://recom.link/hr/predsjedniksrbije-imenovao-suca-sinisu-vazica-za-osobnog-izaslanika-za-rekom. Accessed 10 July 2017.

  • Ristić, Katarina. 2014. Imaginary Trials: War Crime Trials and Memory in Former Yugoslavia. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristić, Marija. 2013. Serbia: A Year of Controversies and Surprises. Balkan Insight. www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/serbia-a-year-ofcontroversies-and-surprises. Accessed 26 Dec 2013.

  • Rothberg, Michael. 2009. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabrow, Martin. 2008. Das Unbehagen an der Aufarbeitung: Zur Engführung von Wissenschaft, Moral und Politik in der Zeitgeschichte. In Historisches Erinnern und Gedenken im Übergang vom 20. zum 21. Jahrhundert, ed. Thomas Schaarschmidt, 11–20. Frankfurt am Main < New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statute Proposal. 2011. The Statute of the Regional Commission for Establishing the Facts about War Crimes and Other Gross Violations of Human Rights Committed on the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, PROPOSAL March 26, 2011. In The Consultation Process on the Establishment of the Facts about War Crimes and other Gross Violations of Human Rights Committed on the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia. Belgrade. http://recom.link/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Proposed-Statute.pdf.

  • Straßner, Veit. 2009. Versöhnung und Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung—ein Vorschlag zur Begriffsbestimmung und Konzeptionalisierung. In Amnesie, Amnestie oder Aufarbeitung? Zum Umgang mit autoritären Vergangenheiten und Menschenrechtsverletzungen, ed. Siegmar Schmidt, Gert Pickel, and Susanne Pickel, 23–36. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teitel, Ruti G. 2003. Transitional Justice Genealogy. Harvard Human Rights Journal 16: 69–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokača, Mirsad. 2012. Using the Facts to Counter the Culture of Denial. RECOM Initiative !Voice 9: 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Youth Initiative. 2011. Report by Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Serbia and Youth Initiative for Human Rights in Croatia on 1,000,000 Signatures for RECOM Campaign. suport.zarekom.org/uploads/documents/2011/.../f_2145_0.doc. Accessed 21 Sept 2017.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacqueline Nießer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nießer, J. (2017). Which Commemorative Models Help? A Case Study from Post-Yugoslavia. In: Gabowitsch, M. (eds) Replicating Atonement . Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65027-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics