Abstract
Femoral head fractures represent a unique injury entity as they are regularly associated with other injuries to the femoral neck and acetabulum. The hip joint is inherently stable and resists significant forces up to 400 N. Thus, femoral head fractures typically result from high-energy trauma and are often observed in patients with multiple injuries [1, 2]. Six to 16% of posterior hip dislocations are associated with a femoral head fracture [3].
References
Kim KI, Koo KH, Sharma R, Park HB, Hwang SC. Concomitant fractures of the femoral head and neck without hip dislocation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;391:247–50.
Suraci AJ. Distribution and severity of injuries associated with hip dislocations secondary to motor vehicle accidents. J Trauma. 1986;26:458–60.
Sahin V, Karakas ES, Aksu S, Atlihan D, Turk CY, Halici M. Traumatic dislocation and fracture-dislocation of the hip: a long-term follow-up study. J Trauma. 2003;54:520–9.
Dreinhofer KE, Schwarzkopf SR, Haas NP, Tscherne H. Isolated traumatic dislocation of the hip. Long-term results in 50 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:6–12.
Pringle JH, Edwards AH. Traumatic dislocation of the hip joint. An experimental study on the cadaver. Glasgow Med J. 1943;21:25–40.
Bastian JD, Turina M, Siebenrock KA, et al. Long-term outcome after traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011;131(9):1273–8.
Letournel E, Judet R. Fractures of the acetabulum. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 1993.
Yang RS, Tsuang YH, Hang YS, Liu TK. Traumatic dislocation of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;265:218–27.
Upadhyay SS, Moulton A, Burwell RG. Biological factors predisposing to traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip. A selection process in the mechanism of injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:232–6.
Berkes MB, Cross MB, Shindle MK, et al. Traumatic posterior hip instability and femoroacetabular impingement in athletes. Am J Orthop. 2012;41(4):166–71.
DeLee JC, Evans JA, Thomas J. Anterior dislocation of the hip and associated femoral-head fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(6):960–4.
Song WS, Yoo JJ, Koo KH, et al. Subchondral fatigue fracture of the femoral head in military recruits. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(9):1917–24.
Marymont JV, Cotler HB, Harris JH Jr, Miller-Crotchett P, Browner BD. Posterior hip dislocation associated with acute traumatic injury of the thoracic aorta: a previously unrecognized injury complex. J Orthop Trauma. 1990;4:383–7.
Tabuenca J, Truan JR. Knee injuries in traumatic hip dislocation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;377:78–83.
Stengel D, Frank M, Matthes G, Schmucker U, et al. Primary pan-computed tomography for blunt multiple trauma: can the whole be better than its parts? Injury. 2009;40(Suppl. 4):S36–46.
Hougaard K, Thomsen PB. Traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip with fracture of the femoral head or neck, or both. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70(2):233–9.
Pipkin G. Treatment of grade IV fracture-dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957;39-A(5):1027–42.
Brumback RJ, Kenzora JE, Levitt LE, Burgess AR, Poka A. Fractures of the femoral head. Hip. 1987:181–206.
Swiontkowski MF, Thorpe M, Seiler JG, Hansen ST. Operative management of displaced femoral head fractures: case-matched comparison of anterior versus posterior approaches for Pipkin I and Pipkin II fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6:437–42.
Stannard JP, Harris HW, Volgas DA, Alonso JE. Functional outcome of patients with femoral head fractures associated with hip dislocations. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;377:44–56.
Massè A, Aprato A, Alluto C, Favuto M, Ganz R. Surgical hip dislocation is a reliable approach for treatment of femoral head fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(12):3744–51.
Ganz R, Gill TJ, Gautier E, Ganz K, Krugel N, Berlemann U. Surgical dislocation of the adult hip a technique with full access to the femoral head and acetabulum without the risk of avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83(8):1119–24.
Giannoudis PV, Kontakis G, Christoforakis Z, Akula M, Tosounidis T, Koutras C. Management, complications and clinical results of femoral head fractures. Injury. 2009;40:1245–51.
Baird EO, Kang QK. Prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification – an updated review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2009;4:12.
Pape HC, Rice J, Wolfram K, et al. Hip dislocation in patients with multiple injuries. A follow up investigation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;377:99–105.
Guo JJ, Tang N, Yang HL, Qin L, Leung KS. Impact of surgical approach on postoperative heterotopic ossification and avascular necrosis in femoral head fractures: a systematic review. Int Orthop. 2010;34:319–22.
Wang CG, Li YM, Zhang HF, Li H, Li ZJ. Anterior approach versus posterior approach for Pipkin I and II femoral head fractures: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2016;27:176–81.
Chen ZW, Lin B, Zhai WL, et al. Conservative versus surgical management of Pipkin type I fractures associated with posterior dislocation of the hip: a randomised controlled trial. Int Orthop. 2011;35:1077–81.
Chen ZW, Zhai WL, Ding ZQ, et al. Operative versus nonoperative management of Pipkin type-II fractures associated with posterior hip dislocation. Orthopedics. 2011;34:350.
Guimaraes RP, Saeki de Souza G, da Silva Reginaldo S, et al. Study of the treatment of femoral head fractures. Rev Bras Ortop. 2010;45:355–61.
Henle P, Kloen P, Siebenrock KA. Femoral head injuries: which treatment strategy can be recommended? Injury. 2007;38:478–88.
Kokubo Y, Uchida K, Takeno K, et al. Dislocated intra-articular femoral head fracture associated with fracture-dislocation of the hip and acetabulum: report of 12 cases and technical notes on surgical intervention. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013;23:557–64.
Marchetti ME, Steinberg GG, Coumas JM. Intermediate-term experience of Pipkin fracture-dislocations of the hip. J Orthop Trauma. 1996;10:455–61.
Norouzi N, Nderi MN. Femoral head fracture associated with hip dislocation, radiologic and clinical evaluation of 28 cases: HIP International Conference: 10th Congress of the European Hip Society, EHS 2012 Milan Italy; 2012. p. 464.
Oransky M, Martinelli N, Sanzarello I, Papapietro N. Fractures of the femoral head: a long-term follow-up study. Musculoskelet Surg. 2012;96:95–9.
Park KS, Lee KB, Na BR, Yoon TR. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of femoral head fractures: excision vs. fixation of fragment in Pipkin type I: what is the optimal choice for femoral head fracture? J Orthop Sci. 2015;20:702–7.
Yoon TR, Rowe SM, Chung JY, Song EK, Jung ST, Anwar IB. Clinical and radiographic outcome of femoral head fractures: 30 patients followed for 3-10 years. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001;72:348–53.
Mostafa MF, El-Adl W, El-Sayed MA. Operative treatment of displaced Pipkin type I and II femoral head fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134:637–44.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ekkernkamp, A., Stengel, D., Wich, M. (2018). Fractures of the Femoral Head. In: Egol, K., Leucht, P. (eds) Proximal Femur Fractures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64904-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64904-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64902-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64904-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)