Abstract
Maize consumption as human food is high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but the protein quality is low because of deficiencies in two amino acids, lysine and tryptophane, which are not synthesized in the human body and must be consumed daily. In addition, maize is deficient in several micronutrients, resulting in malnourishment of its consumers. Attempts to incorporate high lysine into maize started long ago on opaque-2 to start with, and CIMMYT made efforts to improve tropical maize for the amino acid but met with limited success due to several constraints. Following the conversion of maize germplasm in WCA into streak resistance by IITA, attention was shifted to several other avenues to improve maize productivity, one of which was quality protein maize (QPM). The Ghana Maize Program made a breakthrough in 1992 and released a QPM variety named Obatanpa meaning “good nursing mother.” Since then, several other OPVs and hybrids have been developed, not only in Ghana but also in several other countries in SSA. In the case of provitamin A biofortification, introgression of favorable genes conferring the trait into early and extra-early germplasm in WCA started in 2007, and as a result, several OPVs, inbred lines, and hybrid provitamin A QPM in the two maturity groups are now available.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akinwale, R.O., M.A.B. Fakorede, B. Badu-Apraku, and A. Oluwaranti. 2014. Assessing the usefulness of GGE Biplot as a statistical tool for plant breeders and agronomists. Cereal Research Communications 42: 534–546. doi:10.1556/CRC.42.2014.3.16.
Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, A. Menkir, A.Y. Kamara, and A. Adam. 2004. Effects of drought-screening methodology on genetic variances and covariances in Pool 16 DT maize population. The Journal of Agricultural Science 142: 445–452.
Badu-Apraku, B., S. Twumasi-Afriyie, P.Y.K. Sallah, E.A. Asiedu, W. Haag, K.A. Marfo, S. Ohemeng-Dapaah and B.D.Dzah. 2006. Registration of “ Obatanpa GH” Maize. Crop Science. 46: 1393–1395.
Badu-Apraku, B., M. Oyekunle, R.O. Akinwale, and M. Aderounmu. 2013. Combining ability and genetic diversity of extra-early white maize inbreds under stress and nonstress environments. Crop Science 53: 9–26.
Badu-Apraku, B., M.A.B. Fakorede, A.O. Talabi, M. Oyekunle, I.C. Akaogu, R.O. Akinwale, B. Annor, G. Melaku, Y. Fasanmade, and M. Aderounmu. 2016. Gene action and heterotic groups of early white quality protein maize inbreds under multiple stress environments. Crop Science 56: 183–199.
Buah, S.S.J., L.N. Abatania, and G.K.S. Aflakpui. 2009. Quality protein maize response to nitrogen rate and plant density in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana. West Africa Journal of Applied Ecology 16: 9–21.
Dankyi, A.A., P.Y.K. Sallah, A. Adu-Appiah and A. Gyamera-Antwi. 2005. Determination of the adoption of quality protein maize, Obatanpa in Southern Ghana – Logistic regression analysis. Proceedings of 5th West and Central Africa Regional Maize Workshop, IITA, 2–7 May, Cotonou.
Fan, X.M., Y.M. Zhang, W.H. Yao, H.M. Chen, J. Tan, C.X. Xu, X.L. Han, L.M. Luo, and M.S. Kang. 2008. Classifying maize inbred lines into heterotic groups using a factorial mating design. Agronomy Journal 101: 106–112.
Graham, G.G., J. Lembcke, and E. Morales. 1990. Quality protein maize as the sole source of dietary protein and fat for rapidly growing young children. Pediatrics 85: 85–1990.
Jauhar, P.P. 2006. Cytogenetic architecture of cereal crops and their manipulation to fit human needs: opportunities and challenges. In Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement, Cereals, ed. R.J. Singh and P.P. Jauhar, vol. Vol. 2, 1–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Menkir, A., M. Gedil, S. Tanumihardjo, A. Adepoju, and B. Bossey. 2014. Carotenoid accumulation and agronomic performance of maize hybrids involving parental combinations from different marker-based groups. Food Chemistry 148: 131–137.
National Research Council. 1988. Quality protein maize. Washington, D.C.: National Academic Press.
Okai, D.B., S.A. Osei, A.K. Tua, S. Twumasi-Afriyie, W. Haag, B.D. Dzah, K. Ahenkora, and E.I.K. Osafo. 1994. Quality protein maize as a broiler feed ingredient. Proceedings of Ghana Animal Science Symposium 22: 45–49.
Osei, S.A., A. Donkor, C.C. Atuahene, D.B. Okai, A.K. Tua, W. Haag, B.D. Dzah, K. Ahenkora, and S. Twumasi-Afriyie. 1994. Quality protein maize as a broiler feed ingredient. Proceedings of Ghana Animal Science Symposium 22: 45–49.
Sallah, P.Y.K., S. Twumasi-Afriyie, and C.N. Kasei. 1997. Grain productivities of four maturity groups of maize varieties in the Guinea savanna. In: Contributing to food self-sufficiency: maize research and development in West and Central Africa, ed. B. Badu-Apraku, M.O. Akoroda, M. Ouedraogo, and F.M. Quin, 173–178. Proceedings of a Regional Maize Workshop, Cotonou, 29 May.
Setimela, P.S., B. Badu-Apraku, and W. Mwangi. 2009. Variety testing and release approaches in DTAM project countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: CIMMYT.
Sommer, A., and K.P. West. 1996. Vitamin A deficiency health, survival, and vision. New York: Oxford University Press.
Twumasi-Afriyie, S., B.D. Dzah, and K. Ahenkora. 1997. Why QPM moved in Ghana. In: Maize productivity gains through research and productivity dissemination, ed. J.K. Ransom, B.T. Palmer, Z.O. Mduruma, S.R. Waddington, K.V. Pixley, and D.C. Jewel, 28–31. Proceedings of the Fifth Eastern and Southern Africa Maize Conference, Arusha. Mexico: CIMMYT.
Vasal, S.K., E. Villegas, M. Bjarnason, B. Gelaw, and P. Goertz. 1980. Genetic modifiers and breeding strategies in developing hard endosperm opaque-2 materials. In Improvement of quality traits of maize for grain and silage use, ed. W.G. Pollmer and R.H. Phipps, 37. The Hague: Nighoff.
Vivek, B.S., A.F. Krivanek, N. Palacios-Rojas, S. Twumasi-Afriyie, and A.O. Diallo. 2008. Breeding quality protein maize (QPM): Protocols for developing QPM cultivars. Mexico: CIMMYT.
Yan, W. 2001. GGE biplot: A Windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agronomy Journal 93: 1111–1118.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Badu-Apraku, B., Fakorede, M.A.B. (2017). Breeding of Quality Protein and Provitamin A Maize. In: Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64852-1_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64852-1_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64851-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64852-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)