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Genetic Enhancement for Multiple Stress Tolerance

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Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa

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Abstract

Drought, Striga, and low-nitrogen, along with several other abiotic and biotic stresses occur simultaneously in the field in sub-Saharan Africa, and the combined effect is drastic reduction in grain yield. Consequently, the current ultimate goal of maize improvement programs in SSA is to breed for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and high grain yield under the three specific stress factors presently plaguing maize production in SSA. Population improvement and inbred–hybrid methods have been employed with reliable artificial field infestation and screening methods to enhance resistance to the stresses in the breeding materials. The products of the IITA Maize Improvement Program include several source populations, inbred lines, high-yielding OPVs, and hybrids of varying grain types, colors, and maturities with good levels of resistance/tolerance to two or more of the endemic stresses. Early and extra-early maize populations have been improved under controlled drought stress using backcrossing and S1 recurrent selection. This has resulted in new generations of productive open-pollinated and hybrid varieties that combine enhanced levels of drought tolerance with good levels of resistance to Striga and tolerance to low N. The populations and several of the derived varieties have shown superior performance under both Striga-infested and non-infested conditions and have proved to be invaluable sources of Striga-resistant synthetics and inbred lines. Also, several open-pollinated normal endosperm white and yellow varieties, QPM, and pro-vitamin A varieties, hybrids, and inbred lines have been developed in the breeding programs with several of these released for commercialization in the sub-region to contribute to food security and increased incomes in the sub-region.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Baffour Badu-Apraku

  2. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    M. A. B. Fakorede

Authors
  1. Baffour Badu-Apraku
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  2. M. A. B. Fakorede
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Badu-Apraku, B., Fakorede, M.A.B. (2017). Genetic Enhancement for Multiple Stress Tolerance. In: Advances in Genetic Enhancement of Early and Extra-Early Maize for Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64852-1_16

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