Skip to main content

Learning Analytics Leading to Remote Invigilation for eTests: A Case Study

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Utilizing Learning Analytics to Support Study Success
  • 1364 Accesses

Abstract

Learning analytics are an important tool for educators as they provide insight into educational trends and patterns based on real student data. This case study focuses on a capstone unit in business at a university in Western Australia. Instructors used learning analytics of average weekly eTest scores, overall average eTest scores, a benchmark assessment score, and study mode extracted from learning management system (LMS) reports to target areas where assessment integrity could be improved. It was found that academic integrity breaches were likely in various iterations of weekly eTests amongst students enrolled in the online study mode. Thus, in 2017, a proof-of-concept was undertaken to assess the suitability and practicality of using a browser-based remote invigilation system to be able to verify a student’s identity and monitor behaviour to better assure assessment integrity. Study success (in this case coursework comprehension and the subsequent attainment of an assessment grade) should not be a function of learning mode. This case study explains how remote invigilation allowed the researchers to achieve a higher degree of study success equivalence within the student cohort. Staff usage, technical challenges and student attitudes regarding webcam monitoring are also explored.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amanullah, M., Zaman, G. S., Patel, A. A., & Mohanna, K. (2013). A comparative study of open book-open web (OBOW) exams and invigilated closed book-pen and paper (ICBPP) exams. Merit Research Journal of Education and Review, 1(4), 97–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amigud, A., Arnedo-Moreno, J., Daradoumis, T., & Guerrero-Roldan, A.-E. (2017). Using learning analytics for preserving academic integrity. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(5), 192–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brocato, B. R., Bonanno, A., & Ulbig, S. (2015). Student perceptions and instructional evaluations: A multivariate analysis of online and face-to-face classroom settings. Education and Information Technologies, 20(1), 37–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carstairs, J., & Myors, B. (2009). Internet testing: A natural experiment reveals test score inflation on a high-stakes, unproctored cognitive test. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), 738–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. B., Rand, R., & Seay, R. (2016). Remote proctoring: The effect of proctoring on grades. In Advances in accounting education (Vol. 18). Bingley, England: Emerald Group Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engineering Institute of Technology. (2016). EIT internal R&D activity report - June 2015 to July 2016. Perth, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engineering Institute of Technology. (2017). EIT internal R&D activity report - June 2016 to July 2017. Perth, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, M. S.-J., & Lodge, J. M. (2015). Academic workload: The silent barrier to the implementation of technology-enhanced learning strategies in higher education. Distance Education, 36(2), 210–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, D. M., & Parrish, D. E. (2006). The art of online teaching: Online instruction versus in-class instruction. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 24(2-3), 105–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, R. (2016). Tertiary student attitudes to invigilated, online summative examinations. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 13, 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferies, A., Barton, K., Meere, J., Peramungama, S., Pyper, A., & Yip, A. (2017). Trialling online proctoring for e-assessments: Early outcomes from the Erasmus + OP4RE project. Paper presented at the European Conference on e-Learning, Porto, Portugal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jortberg, M. (2010). Experiences verifying the identity of distance learning students. In Third annual report on identity in distance learning. Little Rock, AK: Acxiom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karim, M. N., Kaminsky, S. E., & Behrend, T. S. (2014). Cheating, reactions, and performance in remotely proctored testing: An exploratory experimental study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(4), 555–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilley, M., Meere, J., & Barker, T. (2016). Remote live invigilation: A pilot study. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1(6), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos, A. (2017). The mismeasure of academic labour. Higher Education Research and Development, 36(3), 511–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R., & Lowe, K. (2003). Issues associated with the equivalence of traditional and online assessment. Paper presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE), Adelaide, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, A. L., Pitterle, M. E., & Hayney, M. S. (2014). Comparison of online versus classroom delivery of an immunization elective course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(5), 96–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffhauser, D. (2017). Nobody’s watching: Proctoring in online learning. Retrieved from https://campustechnology.com/articles/2017/07/26/nobodys-watching-proctoring-in-online-learning.aspx

  • Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vioreanu, D. (2018). Distance learning course options get more popular every year. Retrieved from https://www.distancelearningportal.com/articles/393/distance-learning-course-options-get-more-popular-every-year.html

  • West, D., Luzeckyj, A., Searle, B., Toohey, D., & Price, R. (2018). The use of learning analytics to support improvements in teaching practice. Melbourne, Australia: Innovative Research Universities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woldeab, D., Lindsay, T., & Brothen, T. (2017). Under the watchful eye of online proctoring. In I. D. Alexander & R. K. Poch (Eds.), Innovative learning and teaching: Experiments across the disciplines. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., & Hu, Z. (2016). Is online learning the future of education? Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/09/is-online-learning-the-future-of-education/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Baird .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Baird, M., Sefcik, L., Steyn, S., Price, C. (2019). Learning Analytics Leading to Remote Invigilation for eTests: A Case Study. In: Ifenthaler, D., Mah, DK., Yau, J.YK. (eds) Utilizing Learning Analytics to Support Study Success. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64792-0_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64792-0_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64791-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64792-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics