Skip to main content

Family Resilience and Caregiving

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Family Caregiving

Abstract

We apply a modification of the Family Resilience Model to explain variation in how families adapt to caregiving for adult members. Caregiving is a family risk involving both the ongoing demands of providing care and specific stressors that increase the potential for negative outcomes. Family protection, vulnerability, and adaptation occur through family adaptive systems that develop and regulate day-to-day family interaction patterns. Family resilience in caregiving involves an interface with proximal ecosystems (e.g., local health and social services) within the distal ecosystems (e.g., culture, healthcare and social service systems; policies regulating approaches and resources available to support care). Throughout the chapter and in a case study, we show how families engaged in caregiving for a member with dementia can show positive adaptation in individual family members, family subsystems, overall family systems, and family-proximal ecosystem fit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alzheimer’s Association. (2016). Stages of Alzheimer’s. Retrieved from http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_stages_of_alzheimers.asp

  • Alzheimer’s Society. (2016). The progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Retrieved from https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=133

  • Bailey, W. A., & Gordon, S. R. (2016). Family caregiving amidst age-associated cognitive changes: Implications for practice and future generations. Family Relations, 65, 225–238. doi:10.1111/fare.12176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bevan, J. L., & Sparks, L. (2011). Communication in the context of long-distance family caregiving: An integrated review and practical applications. Patient Education and Counseling, 85, 26–30. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black, K., & Lobo, M. (2008). A conceptual review of family resilience factors. Journal of Family Nursing, 14, 33–55. doi:10.1177/1074840707312237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boss, P. (1993). The reconstruction of family life with Alzheimer’s disease: Generating theory to lower family risk from ambiguous loss. In P. Boss, W. J. Dougherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Family theories and methods (pp. 163–166). New York, NY: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boss, P. (2010). The trauma and complicated grief of ambiguous loss. Pastoral Psychology, 59, 137–145. doi:10.1007/s11089-009-0264-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Sparks, G. (1973). Invisible loyalties. New York, NY: Harper & Rowe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cagle, J. G., & Munn, J. C. (2012). Long-distance caregiving: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55, 682–707. doi:10.1080/01634372.2012.703763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornille, T. A., & Boroto, D. R. (1992). The Family Distress Model: A conceptual and clinical application of Reiss’ strong bonds finding. Contemporary Family Therapy, 14, 181–198. doi:10.1007/bf00901503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L. L. (1997). Family conflicts around dementia home-care. Families, Systems, & Health, 15, 85–98. doi:10.1037/h0089810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha, T., & Granger, D. A. (2016). Family relations, stress, and vulnerability: Biobehavioral implications for prevention and practice. Family Relations, 65, 9–23. doi:10.1111/fare.12173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haley, W. E. (2003). The costs of family caregiving: Implications for geriatric oncology. Critical Reviews in Oncology and Hematology, 48, 151–158. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2003.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrist, A. W., Henry, C. S., Liu, C., & Morris, A. S. (forthcoming). Family resilience: The power of rituals and routines in family adaptive systems. In B. H. Fiese (Ed.), The APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Foundations, methods, and changing forms, Volume 1. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellman, C., Worley, J. A., & Munoz, R. T. (this volume). Caregiver well-being: Hope as a coping resource.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, C. S., Morris, A. S., & Harrist, A. W. (2015). Family resilience: Moving into the third wave. Family Relations, 64, 22–43. doi:10.1111/fare.12106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, J., & Struckmeyer, K. M. (this volume). Older adult caregivers: Older adult nutrition, meals, and food safety.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayadas, A., & Kang, M. (this volume). Improving ergonomics for the safety, comfort and health of caregivers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, E. L., Wolfteich, P. M., & Harrell, T. H. (2014). Differences in caregiver self-efficacy and satisfaction related to sexual abuse of offspring. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 504–518. doi:10.1080/10538712.2014.919370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J. H., Bailey, W. A., & Wilson, G. (2014). Mechanisms for fostering multigenerational resilience. Contemporary Family Therapy, 36, 148–161. doi:10.1007/s10591-012-9222-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koerin, B. B., & Harrigan, M. P. (2003). P.S. I love you. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 40, 63–81. doi:10.1300/J083v40n01_05

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komarova, N. L., & Thalhauser, C. J. (2011). High degree of heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease progression patterns. PLoS Computational Biology, 7, e1002251. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A. S., Distelberg, B. J., & Elahad, J. (2015). The relationship between family resilience and aging successfully. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 43, 163–179. doi:10.1080/01926187.2014.988593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training. Family Relations, 64, 5–21. doi:10.1111/fare.12103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, C. M., Kuo, S. I. C., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Developmental tasks across the lifespan. In K. L. Fingerman, C. A. Berg, J. Smith, & T. C. Antonucci (Eds.), Handbook of life-span development (pp. 117–139). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCubbin, H. I., & McCubbin, M. A. (1991). Family stress theory and assessment: The resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation. In H. I. McCubbin & A. Thompson (Eds.), Family assessment inventories for research and practice (pp. 3–21). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1983). Family transitions: Adaptation to stress. In H. I. McCubbin & C. Figley (Eds.), Stress and the family: Coping with normative transitions (pp. 5–25). New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCubbin, L. D., & McCubbin, H. I. (2013). Resilience in ethnic family systems: A relational theory for research and practice. In D. S. Becvar (Ed.), Handbook of family resilience (pp. 175–195). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McGoldrick, M., & Shibusawa, T.. (2012). The family life cycle. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity (4th ed., pp. 375–398). New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, M. (2017). The unprepared caregiver. Gerontologist, 57(1), 26–31. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. C. (1993). Clinical dementia rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology, 43, 2412–2414. doi:10.1212/wnl.43.11.2412-a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Aging. (2016). Alzheimer’s disease fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet#changes

  • Patterson, J. M. (1988). Families experiencing stress: I. The Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response Model: II. Applying the FAAR model to health related issues for intervention and research. Family Systems Medicine, 6, 202–237. doi:10.1037/h0089739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J. M. (2002). Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 349–360. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J. M., & Garwick, A. W. (1994). Levels of meaning in family stress theory. Family Process, 33, 287–304. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1994.00287.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qualls, S. H. (this volume). Therapeutic interventions for caregiving families.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qualls, S. H., & Williams, A. A. (2013). Caregiver family therapy: Empowering families to meet the challenges of aging. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, B. (1988). Functional assessment staging. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 4, 55–659. doi:10.1017/s1041610292001157

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, D. (1981). The family’s construction of reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, E. (this volume). Voices from down home: Family caregiver perspectives on navigating care transitions with individuals with dementia in Nova Scotia, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316–331. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (2013). Annual research review: Resilience—Clinical implications. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 474–487. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02615.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarazin, M., Horne, N., & Dubois, B. (2007). Natural decline and prognostic factors. In S. Gauthier (Ed.), Clinical diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease (3rd ed., pp. 137–148). London, England: Informa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder, L. A., & Osteen, S. (this volume). Planning for and managing costs related to caregiving, synthesizing financial planning and gerontology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speice, J., Shields, C. G., & Blieszner, R. (1998). The effects of family communication patterns during middle-phase Alzheimer’s disease. Families, Systems & Health, 16, 233–248. doi:10.1037/h0089852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M. G., & Quesnel-Vallée, A. (2017). The structural burden of caregiving: Shared challenges in the United States and Canada. Gerontologist, 57(1), 19–25. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. J., Pratt, C. C., & Eddy, L. (1995). Informal caregiving to aging family members: A critical review. Family Relations, 44, 402–411. http://doi.org/10.2307/584996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, F. (2012a). Family resilience: Strengths forged through adversity. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity (4th ed., pp. 399–427). New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, F. (2012b). Successful aging and family resilience. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 32, 151–172. doi:10.1891/0198-8794.32.153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M. O., Masten, A. S, & Narayan, A. J., (2013). Resilience processes in development: Four waves of research on positive adaptation in the context of adversity. In S. Goldstein & R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children (2nd ed., pp. 15–37). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_2.

  • Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20, 649–655. doi:10.1093/geront/20.6.649

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carolyn S. Henry Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Henry, C.S., Hubbard, R.L., Struckmeyer, K.M., Spencer, T.A. (2018). Family Resilience and Caregiving. In: Bailey, W., Harrist, A. (eds) Family Caregiving. Emerging Issues in Family and Individual Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64783-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64783-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64782-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64783-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics