Abstract
Assessment of skeletal maturity and estimation of the remaining growth of the femur and tibia are essential when treating a child or adolescent with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Injury to the physis during ACL reconstruction during femoral or tibial tunnel drilling may lead to leg length discrepancy or angular deformity. Therefore the treating orthopedic surgeon must have an appropriate understanding of the skeletal age and physiologic age of the patient and the amount of growth remaining at the knee. This information will help direct the most felicitous graft choice and treatment technique. This chapter will discuss the current concepts regarding the various ways to determine skeletal maturity and the amount of skeletal growth remaining.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Greulich WW, Pyle SI. Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist. 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1959.
Moseley CF. A straight-line graph for leg length discrepancy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59(2):174–9.
Griffith JF, Cheng JCY, Wong E. Are western skeletal age standards applicable to the Hong Kong Chinese population? Hong Kong Med J. 2007;13S:28–32.
Antonov A. Children born during the siege of Leningrad in 1942. J Pediatr. 1947;30:250–9.
Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, et al. Forensic age estimation and ethnicity. Legal Med. 2005;7:134–7.
Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Marshall WA, Carter BS. Prediction of adult height, bone age, and occurrence of menarche, at ages 4 to 16 with allowance for midparent height. Arch Dis Child. 1975;50:14–26.
Bull RK, Edwards PD, Kemp PM, et al. Bone age assessment: a large scale comparison of the Greulich and Pyle and Tanner and Whitehouse methods. Arch Dis Child. 1999;81:172–3.
Heyworth BE, Osei DA, Fabricant PD, et al. The shorthand bone age assessment: a simpler alternative to current methods. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33(5):569–74.
Pyle SI, Hoerr NL. A radiographic standard of reference of the growing knee. Charles Thomas: Springfield, IL; 1969.
Marshal WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child. 1969;44:291–303.
Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child. 1970;45:13–23.
Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child. 1976;51:170–9.
Bonnard C, Fournier J, Babusiaux D, Planchenault M, Bergerault F, de Courtivron B. Physeal-sparing reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament tears in children: results of 57 cases using patellar tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93:542–7.
Slough JM, Hennrikus W, Chang Y. Reliability of Tanner staging performed by orthopedic sports medicine surgeons. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(7):1229–34.
Duke PM, LItt IF, Gross RT. Adolescent’s self-assessment of sexual maturation. Pediatrics. 1980;66:918–20.
Menelaus MB. Correction of limb length discrepancy by epiphyseal arrest. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1966;48B(2):336–9.
Anderson M, Green WT, Messner WB. Growth and predictions of growth in the lower extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45-A:1–14.
Pritchett JW, Bortel DT. Single bone straight line graphs for the lower extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;342:132–40.
Paley D, Bhave A, Herzenberg JE, et al. Multiplier method for predicting limb-length discrepancy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82:1432–46.
Aguilar JA, Paley D, Paley J, et al. Clinical validation of the multiplier method for predicting limb length at maturity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:186–91.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pinkowsky, G.J., Winthrop, Z., Hennrikus, W.L. (2018). Assessment of Skeletal Maturity. In: Parikh, S. (eds) The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64771-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64771-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64770-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64771-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)