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Assessing California Mussel (Mytilus californianus) Size Changes Through Deep Time: A Methodological Case Study from San Miguel Island, California

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Abstract

Archaeologists working on California’s Channel Islands and in other regions around the world have used measurements of whole shellfish from ancient site deposits to track mean size changes through time. Size fluctuations have been linked to a variety of natural and anthropogenic impacts and employed as baselines to evaluate the health and structure of modern populations. Little regard has been paid, however, to the potential sampling biases introduced from a reliance on whole shell measurements from the surface or subsurface. We use a case study from San Miguel Island, California, to demonstrate that robust samples of whole shells from surface deposits produce statistically significant differences in mean sizes when compared to excavated deposits. Our methodological study also suggests that mean sizes of California mussels (Mytilus californianus) derived from whole surface shell measurements are inadequate for comparison to modern samples. Deep historical baselines for California mussels must include either whole or fragmented shells from subsurface deposits to generate precise reconstructions of mean prey sizes across time and space that may be used to establish a set of baselines and benchmarks for modern conservation.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Jon Erlandson, Torben Rick, and René Vellanoweth for their many years of tireless work to compile a deep historical record of California mussel (and other shellfish) size changes through time on the Channel Islands. Their foundational research was instrumental to our methodological inquiries. Thanks to Sopagna Eap Braje for assisting with statistical analyses and to SDSU undergraduate students Kellie Kandybowicz and Chyna Lee for help with laboratory analysis. Our work has been graciously supported by Channel Islands National Park and San Diego State University. Special thanks to Christina Giovas and Michelle LeFebvre for inviting us to contribute to this volume and for constructive feedback and support during the review and production process. Finally, we are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the editorial team at Springer for their help in the review, revision, and production of our chapter.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA

    Todd J. Braje

  2. Rincon Consultants, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA

    Breana Campbell & Hannah Haas

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  1. Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

    Christina M. Giovas

  2. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Michelle J. LeFebvre

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Braje, T.J., Campbell, B., Haas, H. (2018). Assessing California Mussel (Mytilus californianus) Size Changes Through Deep Time: A Methodological Case Study from San Miguel Island, California. In: Giovas, C., LeFebvre, M. (eds) Zooarchaeology in Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64763-0_15

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