Abstract
Many youth entering the education system lack the social and behavioral skills necessary for academic achievement. This is an alarming trend considering that youth spend a substantial amount of their time in school and that social and emotional growth is closely linked with academic success. With 21% of children in the United States living in rural areas it is important to have mental health services available in rural schools. The quality and value of school mental health (SMH) approaches depend on service delivery by well-trained and prepared SMH professionals working within the system. This chapter details the general and specific competencies needed for rural SMH professionals. Additionally, findings from a large rural SMH needs assessment are provided for specific examples of areas of need in rural schools. The chapter concludes with suggestions for supporting SMH in rural schools.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson-Butcher, D., Amorose, A. J., Iachini, A., & Ball, A. (2013). Behavioral health middle/high school district survey results. Columbus, OH: Community and Youth Collaborative Institute, College of Social Work, The Ohio State University.
Anderson-Butcher, D., Lawson, H. A., Bean, J., Flaspohler, P., Boone, B., & Kwiatkowski, A. (2008). Community collaboration to improve schools: Introducing a new model from Ohio. Children & Schools, 30(3), 161–172.
Anderson-Butcher, D., & Ashton, D. (2004). Innovative models of collaboration to serve children, youth, families, and communities. Children & Schools, 26(1), 39–53.
Anderson-Butcher, D., Mellin, E., Iachini, A., & Ball, A. (2013). Promoting mental health in schools. In The guide to child and adolescent mental health screening, Early intervention and health promotion. Rockville, MD: AHRQ.
Ball, A., Anderson-Butcher, D., Mellin, E. A., & Green, J. H. (2010). A cross-walk of professional competencies involved in expanded school mental health: An exploratory study. School Mental Health, 2, 114–124.
Battin-Pearson, S., Newcomb, M. D., Abbott, R. D., Hill, K. G., Catalano, R. F., & Hawkins, J. D. (2000). Predictors of early high school dropout: A test of five theories. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 568–582.
Blumberg, S. J., Carle, A. C., O’Connor, K. S., Moore, K., & Lippman, L. H. (2008). Social competence: Development of an indicator for children and adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 1, 17–50.
Bronstein, L. (2003). A model for interdisciplinary collaboration. Social Work, 48, 297–306.
Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J., Wilkinson, J. L., & Beal, S. J. (2011). The longitudinal relationships between rural adolescents’ prosocial behaviors and young adult substance use. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 40, 1192–1202.
DeLeon, P. H., Wakefield, M., & Hagglund, K. J. (2003). The behavioral health care needs of rural communities in the 21st century. In H. B. Stamm (Ed.), Rural behavioral health care: An interdisciplinary guide (pp. 23–32). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Elliott, B. A., & Larson, J. T. (2004). Adolescents in mid-sized and rural communities: Foregone care, perceived barriers, and risk factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(4), 303–309.
Farrigan, T. (2014). Geography of poverty. Retrieved from http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-well-being/geography-of-poverty.aspx
Foster, S., Rollefson, M., Doksum, T., Noonan, D., Robinson, G., & Teich, J. (2005). School mental health services in the United States, 2002–2003. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 05-4068. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Fox, J. C., Blank, M. B., Kane, C. F., & Hargrove, D. S. (1994). Balance theory as a model for coordinating delivery of rural mental health services. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 3(2), 121–129.
Gamm, L., Hutchison, L., Bellamy, G., & Dabney, B. J. (2002). Rural healthy people 2010: Identifying rural health priorities and models for practice. The Journal of Rural Health, 18(1), 9–14.
Goode, T. D., Dunne, M. C., & Bronheim, S. M. (2006). The evidence base for cultural and linguistic competency in health care. Washington, DC: The National Center for Cultural Competence, Center for Child and Human Development, Georgetown University.
Green, J. H., Maras, M., Reiger, C., Jones, K., Marconi, M., & Perlin, R. (2008). Triumphs and tribulations of a community-university partnership in expanded school mental health. In T. S. Poetter & J. Eagle (Eds.), The art and science of partnership: Catalytic cases of school, university, and community renewal. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Hogan, M. F. (2003). New freedom commission report: The President’s New Freedom Commission: Recommendations to transform mental health care in America. Psychiatric Services, 54(11), 1467–1474.
Housing Access Council (2010). Housing in rural America. Retrieved from http://www.ruralhome.org/storage/documents/ts2010/ts-report/ts10_rural_housing.pdf
Jeynes, W. (2007). The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement. Urban Education, 42(1), 82–110.
Jones, S. M., & Bouffard, S. M. (2012). Social and emotional learning in schools: From programs to strategies. Social Policy Report, 26(4), 1–24.
Jones, S. M., Brown, J. L., & Aber, J. L. (2011). The longitudinal impact of universal school-based social-emotional learning and literacy intervention. An experiment in translational development research. Child Development, 82(2), 533–554.
Jorm, A. F., Kitchener, B. A., Sawyer, M. G., Scales, H., & Cvetkovski, S. (2010). Mental health first aid training for high school teachers: A cluster randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry, 10(51). doi:10.1186/1471-244X-10-51.
Karbach, J., Gottschling, J., Spengler, M., Hegewald, K., & Spinath, F. M. (2012). Parental involvement and general cognitive ability as predictors of domain-specific academic achievement in early adolescence. Leaning and Instruction, 23, 43–51.
Klem, A. M., & Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships matter: Linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement. Journal of School Health, 74, 262–273.
Langille, D., Rasic, D., Kisely, S., Flowerdew, G., & Cobbett, S. (2012). Protective associations of school connectedness with risk of depression in Nova Scotia adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(12), 759–764.
Lee, S. W., Lohmeier, J. H., Niileksela, C., & Oeth, J. (2009). Rural schools’ mental health needs. Journal of Rural Mental Health, 33(1), 26–31.
Mellin, E. A., Bronstein, L., Anderson-Butcher, D., Amorose, A. J., Ball, A., & Green, J. (2010). Measuring interprofessional team collaboration in expanded school mental health: Model refinement and scale development. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(5), 514–523.
Michael, K. D., Bernstein, S., Owens, J., Albright, A., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2013). Preparing school mental health professionals: Competencies in interdisciplinary and cross-system collaboration. In M. D. Weist, N. A. Lever, C. P. Bradshaw, & J. S. Owens (Eds.), Handbook of school mental health: research, training, practice, and policy (2nd ed.pp. 31–43). New York: Springer.
Millings, A., Buck, R., Montgomery, A., Spears, M., & Stallard, P. (2012). School connectedness, peer attachment, and self-esteem as predictors of adolescent depression. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1061–1067.
Montiero-Leitner, J., Asner-Self, K. K., Milde, C., Leitner, D. W., & Skelton, D. (2006). The role of the rural school counselor: Counselor, counselor-in-training, and principal perceptions. Professional School Counseling, 2, 248–251.
Nasir, N. S., Jones, A., & McLaughlin, M. W. (2011). School connectedness for students in low-income urban high schools. Teachers College Record, 113(8.) Retrieved from http://www.tcrecord.org
O’Connell, M. E., Boat, T., & Warner, K. (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Owens, J. S., Murphy, C. E., Richerson, L., Girio, E. L., & Himawan, L. K. (2008). Science to practice in underserved communities: The effectiveness of school mental health programming. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(2), 434–447.
Paternite, C. E., Weist, M. D., Axelrod, J., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Weston, K. (2006). School-based behavioral health workforce development. Washington, DC: The Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce.
Pruitt, L. R. (2009). The forgotten fifth: Rural youth and substance abuse. Stanford Law and Policy Review, 20(2), 359–404.
Pullman, M. D., VanHooser, S., Hoffman, C., & Heflinger, A. (2010). Barriers to and supports of family participation in a rural system of care for children with serious emotional problems. Community Mental Health Journal, 46, 211–220.
Rogers, M., Theule, J., Ryan, B., Adams, G., & Keating, L. (2009). Parental involvement and children’s school achievement. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 24(1), 34–57.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2008). Systems of care. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from http://systemsofcare.samhsa.gov/
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2013b). Digest of Education Statistics, 2012 (NCES 2014–015), Table 48. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=64
Voelkl, K. E. (1995). School warmth, student participation, and achievement. Journal of Experimental Education, 63, 127–138.
Weist, M. D., Ambrose, M. G., & Lewis, C. P. (2006). Expanded school mental health: A collaborative community-school example. Children & Schools, 28, 45–50.
Weist, M. D., Proescher, E., Prodente, C., Ambrose, M. G., & Waxman, R. P. (2001). Mental health, health, and education staff working together in schools. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10, 33–43.
Wentzel, K. R. (1998). Social relationships and motivation in middle school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 202–209.
Weston, K. J., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Burke, R. W. (2008). Developing a comprehensive curriculum framework for teacher preparation in expanded school mental health. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(4), 25–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anderson-Butcher, D., Hoffman, J., Rochman, D.M., Fuller, M. (2017). General and Specific Competencies for School Mental Health in Rural Settings. In: Michael, K., Jameson, J. (eds) Handbook of Rural School Mental Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64735-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64735-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64733-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64735-7
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)