Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Handbook of Rural School Mental Health pp 249–259Cite as

Ruralism and Regionalism: Myths and Misgivings Regarding the Homogeneity of Rural Populations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Rural areas are frequently envisioned as non-changing and homogeneous communities immune to the difficulties associated with modern urban life. In this chapter, we first explore some of the powerful stereotypes of rural communities that have influenced the development of social and health policy in the past century. Second, we try to show the diversity among rural environments and its importance in mental health policy and service development. Third, we identify potential processes and structures by which public mental health services may be organized. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 in the United States is reconsidered as an effort to develop a locally controlled mental health system, and recent infrastructure consistent with the Affordable Care Act in the context of schools is discussed. Because educational systems are a common institutional presence in most, if not all, rural areas, they provide reasonable and potentially equitable vehicles for thoughtful, context-driven mental health service collaboration and delivery for children and families.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aggarwal, N. K., DeSilva, R., Nicasio, N. V., Boiler, N., & Lewis-Fernández, R. (2015). Does the cultural formulation interview (CFI) for the fifth revision of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) affect medical communication? A qualitative exploratory study from the New York site. Ethnicity and Health, 20, 1–28. doi:10.1080/13557858.2013.857762

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aisbett, D. L., Boyd, C. P., Francis, K. J., Newnham, K., & Newnham, K. (2007). Understanding barriers to mental health service utilization for adolescents in rural Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 7, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alarcón, R. D. (2009). Culture, cultural factors and psychiatric diagnoses. World Psychiatry, 8, 131–139.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5. Washington, DC: Author.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce. (2004). An action plan for behavioral health workforce development: A framework for discussion. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Rural, remote and metropolitan areas classification. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/rural-health-rrma-classification/.

  • Beale, C. L. (1996). Rural prisons: An update. Rural Development Perspectives, 11, 25–27. Retrieved from http://static.prisonpolicy.org/scans/rural_prisons_an_update_cl_beale.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, A. E., & Kleinman, A. (2013). Mental health and the global agenda. New England Journal of Medicine, 369, 66–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1110827

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, M. T., & Lauritsen, J. L. (2015). Telling a similar story twice? NCVS/UCR convergence in serious violent crime rates in rural, suburban, and urban places (1973–2010). Journal of Quantitative Criminology. doi:10.1007/s10940-015-9254-9

  • Blane, D., Bartley, M., & Davey-Smith, G. (1997). Disease etiology and materialist explanations of socioeconomic mortality differentials. European Journal of Public Health, 7, 385–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blank, M. B., Fox, J. C., Hargrove, D. S., & Turner, J. T. (1995). Critical issues in reforming rural mental health service delivery. Community Mental Health Journal, 31, 511–524.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. (1997). The effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7, 55–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. L., & Swanson, L. E. (Eds.). (2003). Challenges for rural American in the twenty-first century. College Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammack, N. L., Brandt, N. E., Slade, E., Lever, N. A., & Stephan, S. (2014). Funding expanded school mental health programs. In M. D. Weist et al. (Eds.), Handbook of school mental health: Research, training, practice, and policy. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7624-5_2

    Google Scholar 

  • Department for Environment, Food, & Rural Affairs. (2012). Community safety partnership/local authority level from 2002/03′-Supplementary excel tables to ‘Crime Statistics, period ending March 2013. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/227013/Crime_Aug_2013.pdf.

  • Donzinger, S. (1996). The real war on crime. New York, NY: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G. J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Klebanov, P. K. (1994). Economic deprivation and early-childhood development. Child Development, 65, 296–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E. (2007). Poverty and people with intellectual disabilities. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13, 107–113. doi:10.1002/mrdd.20144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E., & Hatton, C. (2007). Contribution of socioeconomic position to health inequalities of British children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 112, 140–150. doi:10.1352/08958017(2007)112[140:COSPTH]2.0.CO:2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G. W., & Kim, P. (2007). Childhood poverty and health: Cumulative risk exposure and stress dysregulation. Psychological Science, 18, 953–957. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02008.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Crime in the United States, 2012. Urban and Rural Crime. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, R. (1998). College completion and return migration among rural youth. In R. M. Gibbs, P. L. Swaim, & R. Teixeira (Eds.), Rural education and training in the new economy: The myth of the rural skills gap (pp. 61–80). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S. E. (2009). Students in rural schools have limited access to advanced mathematics courses. Durham, NH: Carsey Institute, University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from http://www.carseyinstitute.unh.edu/publications/FS-Rural-married-couple-families-08.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, D., Hutchins, B. C., & Meece, J. L. (2011). Where do rural high school students go to find information about their futures? Journal of Counseling & Development, 89, 172–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson, P., Donner, D., Nashold, R., Salkowicz, L., Sperry, S., & Wittman, B. (1993). The epidemiology of suicide among farm residents or workers in five north-central states, 1980–1988. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9, 26–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooks, G., Moser, C., Rotolo, T., & Lobao, L. (2004). The prison industry: Carceral expansion and employment in US counties 1969–1994. Social Science Quarterly, 85, 37–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huling, T. L. (2002). Building a prison economy in rural America. In M. Mauer & M. Chesney-Lind (Eds.), From invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment (pp. 197–213). New York, NY: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. (2006). Demographic trends in rural and small town America. Carsey Institute Reports on Rural America, 1, 1–33. Retrieved from www.carseyinstitute.nh.edu/documents/Demographics_complete_file.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. (2012). Rural demographic change in the new century: Slower growth, increased diversity. Carsey Institute Reports on Rural America, 22, 1–12. Retrived from scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1158&context=carsey.

  • Kleinman, A. (1988). The illness narratives: Suffering, healing, and the human condition. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapan, R. T., Tucker, B., Kim, S., & Kosciulek, J. F. (2003). Preparing rural adolescents for post-high school transitions. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81, 329–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor, D. A., Ronalds, G., Macintyre, S., Clark, H., & Leon, D. A. (2006). Family socioeconomic position at birth and future cardiovascular disease risk: Findings from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1271–1277.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mohatt, D. F., Bradley, M. M., Adams, S. J., & Morris, C. D. (2005). Mental health and rural America, 1994–2005. Rockfille, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk, D. H. (2007). Recruiting and retaining high-quality teachers in rural areas. The Future of Children, 17, 155–174. doi:10.1353/foc.2007.0009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, K. A., Redd, Z., Burkhauser, M., Mbwana, K., & Collins, A. (2009, April). Children in poverty: Trends, consequences, and policy options (CT Research Brief No. 11). Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/2009-11ChildreninPoverty.pdf.

  • Mullins, L. L., & Chaney, J. M. (2013). Introduction to the special issue: The impact of poverty and rural status on youth with chronic health conditions. Children’s Health Care, 42, 191–193. doi:10.1080/02739615.2013.816593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2013). Navigating resources for rural schools. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Justice. (2004). Law enforcement technology—are small and rural agencies equipped and trained? Research for Practice. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Justice. (2010). Report on the National Small and Rural Agency Summit. August. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Resources Defense Council. (n.d.). Unchecked fracking threatens health, water supplies. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nrdc.org/energy/gasdrilling/.

  • New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. (2003). Achieving the promise: Transforming mental health care in America, final report (DHHS Publication No. SMA-03-3832). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olgun, A., Gumus, S. G., & Adanacioglu, H. (2010). Schooling and factors affecting decisions on schooling by household members in the rural areas of Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 98, 533–543. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9564-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, J. S., Watabe, Y., & Michael, K. D. (2013). Culturally responsive school mental health in rural communities. In C. S. Clauss-Ehlers et al. (Eds.), Handbook of culturally responsive school mental health: Advancing research, training, practice, and policy. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4948-5_3

    Google Scholar 

  • Provasnik, S., Kewal Ramani, A., Coleman, M., Gilbertson, L., Herring, W., & Xie, Q. (2007). Status of education in rural America (NCES 2007–040). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roscigno, J. V., Tomaskovic-Devey, D., & Crowley, L. M. (2006). Education and the inequalities of place. Social Forces, 84, 2121–2145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roscigno, V. J., & Crowley, M. L. (2001). Rurality, institutional disadvantage, and achievement/attainment. Rural Sociology, 66, 268–293. doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.2001.tb00067.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangaramoorthy, T., Jamison, A. M., Boyle, M. D., Payne-Sturges, D. C., Sapkota, A., Milton, D. K., & Wilson, S. M. (2016). Place-based perceptions of the impacts of fracking along the Marcellus Shale. Social Science & Medicine, 151, 27–37. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.002

  • Timaeus, I. M., & Moultrie, T. A. (2015). Teenage childbearing and educational attainment in South Africa. Studies in Family Planning, 46, 143–160. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2015.00021.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau. (2015, July). Urban and rural classification. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/urban-rural.html.

  • U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2014, November). Rural American at a Glance: 2014 edition. Economic Brief, 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2015, December). Child poverty. Retrieved from http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-well-being/child-poverty.aspx.

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. (2015). Defining rural population. Retrieved from http://www.hrsa.gov/ruralhealth/aboutus/definition.html.

  • U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2011). Crime in the United States, 2010. Uniform Crime Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon-Feagans, L., Burchinal, M., & Mokrova, I. (2015). Diverging destinies in rural America. In P. R. Amato et al. (Eds.), Families in an era of increasing inequality, National Symposium on Family Issues (vol. 5, pp. 35–49). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08308-7_3

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. L., & Walker, L. J. S. (1988). Self-reported stress symptoms in farmers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 10–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weisheit, R. A., Falcone, D. N., & Well, L. E. (1994, September). Rural crime and rural policing. National Institute of Justice: Research in Action, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa, H., Aber, J. L., & Beardslee, W. R. (2012). The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: Implications for prevention. American Psychologist, 67, 272–282. doi:10.1037/a0028015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA

    David S. Hargrove, Lisa Curtin & Brittany Kirschner

Authors
  1. David S. Hargrove
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lisa Curtin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Brittany Kirschner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa Curtin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA

    Kurt D. Michael

  2. Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA

    John Paul Jameson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hargrove, D.S., Curtin, L., Kirschner, B. (2017). Ruralism and Regionalism: Myths and Misgivings Regarding the Homogeneity of Rural Populations. In: Michael, K., Jameson, J. (eds) Handbook of Rural School Mental Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64735-7_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation