Abstract
In recent years, graphene has become a pioneer for investigations involving single atomic layer structures. The idea of 2D materials is not new, since they have been theoretically analyzed for many years. Unfortunately, much of the information was limited to theoretical analysis simply because the creation of these structures had not been possible. The successful synthesis of single-layer graphite allowed the world of 2D materials to become a tangible reality and has paved the way for investigations of varying phenomena occurring in single-atomic layer materials. For many years, graphene was the focus of these investigations since a method of synthesizing other 2D materials was not yet available. In recent years, this has changed as graphene analogous materials have successfully been synthesized, as will be discussed later. The scope of this review focuses on the Group IV elements (C, Si, Ge, and Sn), with emphasis on the non-carbon members of this group.
The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-64717-3_7
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Balendhran S et al (2015) Elemental analogues of graphene: silicene, germanene, stanene, and phosphorene. Small 11(6):640–652
Matthes L, Pulci O, Bechstedt F (2013) Massive Dirac quasiparticles in the optical absorbance of graphene, silicene, germanene, and tinene. J Phys Condens Matter 25(39)
Vogt P et al (2012) Silicene: compelling experimental evidence for graphene like two-dimensional silicon. Phys Rev Lett 108(15)
Meng L et al (2013) Buckled silicene formation on Ir(111). Nano Lett 13(2):685–690
Lalmi B et al (2010) Epitaxial growth of a silicene sheet. Appl Phys Lett 97(22)
Lin CL et al (2012) Structure of silicene grown on Ag(111). Appl Phys Express 5(4)
Davila ME et al (2014) Germanene: a novel two-dimensional germanium allotrope akin to graphene and silicene. New J Phys 16
Jose D, Datta A (2014) Structures and chemical properties of silicene: unlike graphene. Acc Chem Res 47(2):593–602
Kara A et al (2012) A review on silicene-new candidate for electronics (vol 67, pg 1, 2012). Surf Sci Rep 67(5):141–141
Saito R, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS (1998) Physical properties of carbon nanotubes, vol 35. World Scientific
Guzman-Verri GG and Voon LCLY (2007) Electronic structure of silicon-based nanostructures. Phys Rev B 76(7)
Yang X, Ni J (2005) Electronic properties of single-walled silicon nanotubes compared to carbon nanotubes. Phys Rev B
Cahangirov S et al (2009) Two-and one-dimensional honeycomb structures of silicon and germanium. Phys Rev Lett 102(23)
van den Broek B et al (2014) Two-dimensional hexagonal tin: ab initio geometry, stability, electronic structure and functionalization. 2D Materials 1(2)
Tang PZ et al (2014) Stable two-dimensional dumbbell stanene: a quantum spin hall insulator. Phys Rev B 90(12)
Pei QX et al (2013) Tuning the thermal conductivity of silicene with tensile strain and isotopic doping: a molecular dynamics study. J Appl Phys 114(3)
Li HP, Zhang RQ (2012) Vacancy-defect-induced diminution of thermal conductivity in silicene. Epl 99(3)
Hu W et al (2014) Silicene as a highly sensitive molecule sensor for NH3, NO and NO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16(15):6957–6962
Li LF et al (2014) Buckled germanene formation on Pt(111). Adv Mater 26(28):4820–4824
Bampoulis P et al (2014) Germanene termination of Ge2Pt crystals on Ge(110). J Phys Condens Matter 26(44)
Derivaz M et al (2015) Continuous germanene layer on Al(111). Nano Lett 15(4):2510–2516
Oughaddou H et al (2000) Ge/Ag(111) semiconductor-on-metal growth: formation of an Ag2Ge surface alloy. Phys Rev B 62(24):16653–16656
Svec M et al (2014) Silicene versus two-dimensional ordered silicide: atomic and electronic structure of Si-(root 19x root 19)R23.4 degrees/Pt(111). Phys Rev B 89(20)
Miro P, Audiffred M, Heine T (2014) An atlas of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 43(18):6537–6554
Acun A et al (2015) Germanene: the germanium analogue of graphene. J Phys Condens Matter 27(44)
Matusalem F et al (2015) Stability and electronic structure of two-dimensional allotropes of group-IV materials. Phys Rev B 92(4)
Roome NJ, Carey JD (2014) Beyond graphene: stable elemental monolayers of silicene and germanene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(10):7743–7750
Le Lay G et al (2015) Increasing the lego of 2D electronics materials: silicene and germanene, graphene’s new synthetic cousins. Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VII 9467
Houssa M et al (2010) Electronic properties of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium. Appl Phys Lett 96(8)
Lebegue S, Eriksson O (2009) Electronic structure of two-dimensional crystals from ab initio theory. Phys Rev B 79(11)
Yang K et al (2014) Thermoelectric properties of atomically thin silicene and germanene nanostructures. Phys Rev B 89(12)
Zhu FF et al (2015) Epitaxial growth of two-dimensional stanene. Nat Mater 14(10):1020–1025
Xu Y et al (2013) Large-gap quantum spin hall insulators in tin films. Phys Rev Lett 111(13)
Saxena S, Choudhary RP, Shukla S (2016) Stanene: atomically thick free-standing layer of 2D hexagonal tin. Sci Rep 6
Modarresi M et al (2015) Effect of external strain on electronic structure of stanene. Comput Mater Sci 101:164–167
Nissimagoudar AS, Sankeshwar NS (2014) Significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity due to phonon confinement in graphene nanoribbons. Phys Rev B 89(23)
Peng B et al (2016) Low lattice thermal conductivity of stanene. Sci Rep 6:20225
Garg P, Choudhuri I, Pathak B (2017) Band gap opening in stanene induced by patterned BN doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 19:3660–3669
Mojumder S, Al Amin A, Islam MM (2015) Mechanical properties of stanene under uniaxial and biaxial loading: a molecular dynamics study. J Appl Phys 118(12)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sanchez, O., Kim, J.M., Balasubramanian, G. (2018). Graphene Analogous Elemental van der Waals Structures. In: Balasubramanian, G. (eds) Advances in Nanomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64717-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64717-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64715-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64717-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)