Abstract
In August 2011 Britain is struck by the largest uprising and looting in post-war-history. Mainstream media and political commentators quickly agree: The ‘scum’, responsible for all this havoc and looting, needs to be ruthlessly wiped off the streets. The insurgents did not give any interpretation of their behavior, nor did they raise any political demands. While community activists, unions and critical journalists blamed austerity measures, neoliberalization and the racist stop-and-search-regime for the riots they did not speak on the insurgents’ behalf.
Drawing on the concept of ‘dis-/articulation’ this paper shows how possibilities for social and political engagement have decreased in late neoliberalism. It argues that in order to understand its political legacy the riots must be read as ‘spaces of appearance’ of political subjectivity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Only a few pop-cultural expressions such as Lowkey’s Hip Hop Song “Dear England” or Plan B’s “Ill Manors” invented statements which could be interpreted as those of the insurgents (therefore see Dzudzek & Müller, 2013).
References
AFP, and dpa. (2010). Britischer Haushalt: Cameron streicht radikal Jobs und Leistungen. Die Zeit. October 20.
Altenried, M. (2012). Aufstände, Rassismus und die Krise des Kapitalismus. England im Ausnahmezustand. Münster: Edition Assemblage.
Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Badiou, A. (2013). Das Erwachen der Geschichte. Wien: Passagen Verlag.
Batty, D. (2011). Manchester police say sorry over tweet on woman who accepted looted clothes. The Guardian, August 13. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/13/manchester-police-sorry-looter-sentence
Bauman, Z. (2004). Wasted lives. Modernity and its outcasts. Cambridge: Polity.
Bauman, Z. (2013). Consuming life. Cambridge: Polity.
BBC News. (2011). Live-interview with Darcus Howe, 9:54 o’clock. August 9.
Beveridge, R., & Koch, P. (2017a). The post-political trap? Reflections on politics, agency and the city. Urban Studies, 54(1), 31–43.
Beveridge, R., & Koch, P. (2017b). What is (still) political about the city? Urban Studies, 54(1), 62–66.
Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. (2003). Der neue Geist des Kapitalismus. Konstanz: UVK.
Bowcott, O., Carter, H., & Clifton, H. (2011). Facebook riot calls earn men four-year jail terms amid sentencing outcry. The Guardian, August 16. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/16/facebook-riot-calls-men-jailed
Bumke, C. (2012). Gegen Arme und Behinderte. Großbritanniens Premier für tiefe Einschnitte bei Sozialleistungen. Junge Welt, June 29.
Butler, J. (2011). Bodies in alliance and the politics of the street. Transversal—EIPCP Multilingual Webjournal, 9. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from http://www.eipcp.net/transversal/1011/butler/en
Butler, J. (2016). Anmerkungen zu einer performativen Theorie der Versammlung. Berlin: Suhrkamp.
Butler, J., Laclau, E., & Žižek, S. (Eds.). (2000). Contingency, hegemony, universality. Contemporary dialogues on the left. London: Verso.
Cameron, D. (2011a). PM statement on violence in England [online]. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/pm-statement-on-violence-in-england/
Cameron, D. (2011b). PM’s speech on the fightback after the riots [online]. Retrieved from http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/pms-speech-on-the-fightback-after-the-riots/
Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. (1982). The Empire strikes back: Race and racism in 70s Britain. London: Routledge.
Daily Mail. (2011a). UK riots from London through to Manchester: Reckless immoral behaviour that shames Britain. September 2. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2024315/UK-riots-2011-Reckless-immoral-behaviour-shames-Britain.html
Daily Mail. (2011b). Years of liberal dogma have spawned a generation of amoral, uneducated, welfare dependent, brutalised youngsters. August 10. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2024284/UK-riots-2011-Liberal-dogma-spawned-generation-brutalised-youths.html
Derickson, K. D. (2017). Taking account of the ‘part of those that have no part’. Urban Studies, 54(1), 44–48.
Dikeç, M. (2005). Space, politics and the political. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 23(2), 171–188.
Dikeç, M. (2017). Disruptive politics. Urban Studies, 54(1), 49–54.
Dodd, V. (2013). Minorities stopped disproportionally in decade after MacPherson report. The Guardian, April 22. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/apr/22/ethnic-minority-britons-stop-search-white
Dorling, D. (2012). Inequality constitutes a particular place. Social & Cultural Geography, 13(1), 1–10.
Dzudzek, I., & Müller, M. (2013). Der Lärm des Politischen. Die Londoner riots 2011 und ihre Politischen Subjekte. sub\urban—Zeitschrift für kritische Stadtforschun, 2, 17–40. Retrieved from http://www.zeitschrift-suburban.de/sys/index.php/suburban/article/view/94
Ford Rojas, J.-P. (2011). London riots: Lidl water thief jailed for six months. The Telegraph, August 11. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8695988/London-riots-Lidl-water-thief-jailed-for-six-months.html
Gentleman, A. (2011). Public sector cuts—The truth. The Guardian, March 25. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/mar/25/public-sector-cuts
Gilroy, P. (2000). Between camps: Race, identity and nationalism at the end of the colour line. London: Routledge.
Hersh, J. (2011). London Riots: BBC interview gets testy. Huffington Post, August 9. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/09/london-riots-bbc-interview_n_922857.html
Home Affairs Committee. (2009). The MacPherson report—Ten years on. London: House of Commons Library.
Laclau, E. (1990). New reflections on the revolution of our time. London: Verso.
Lewis, P., Newburn, T., Taylor, M., Mcgillivray, C., Greenhill, A., Frayman, H. (2011) Reading the riots: Investigating England’s summer of disorder. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science and The Guardian. Retrieved November 19, 2012, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/series/reading-the-riots
Lewis, P., Taylor, M., & Ball, J. (2011). Kenneth Clarke blames English Riots on a ‘broken penal system’. The Guardian, July 5. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/sep/05/kenneth-clarke-riots-penal-system
MacPherson, W. (1999). The Stephen Lawrence inquiry. London: The Stationery Office.
Mains, S. (2011). Convicted London Rioters should loose all benefits. [online]. Retrieved April 5, 2013, from http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/
Marchart, O. (2007). Post-foundational political thought. Political difference in Nancy Lefort Badiou and Laclau. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
Marchart, O. (2010). Die politische Differenz. Zum Denken des Politischen bei Nancy, Lefort, Badiou, Laclau und Agamben. Berlin: Suhrkamp.
McRobbie, A. (2010). Top Girls. Feminismus und der Aufstieg des neoliberalen Geschlechterregimes. Wiesbaden: Springer.
McRobbie, A. (2012). Bad news from England [online]. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from http://www.angelamcrobbie.net/bad-news-from-england/
Metropolitan Police London. (2012). Section 60 criminal justice and Public Order Act 1994. Standard Operating Procedures [online]. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/stop_search_s60_cjpo_sops_v3_2012.pdf
Ministry of Justice. (2012). Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th to 9th August 2011 [online]. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/criminal-justice-stats/2011/august-public-disorder-stats-bulletin-230212.pdf
Neate, R. (2011). Levi’s pulls ‘Riot’ ad after UK violence. Advertising campaign featuring young man squaring up to Riot police withdrawn following public outcry. The Guardian, August 11. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/aug/11/levis-riot-ad-uk-violence
Odone, C. (2011). Immigrants love this country more than we do. The Telegraph, August 10. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8693558/Immigrants-love-this-country-more-than-we-do.html
Parliament of the United Kingdom. (1994). Criminal Justice and Public Order Act. Section 60 [online]. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/33/section/60
Povey, D., et al. (2011). Police Powers and Procedures England and Wales 2009 [online]. Retrieved May 6, 2013, from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/115792/hosb0711.pdf
Quinn, B. (2011). David Starkey claims ‘the whites have become black’. The Guardian, August 13. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/13/david-starkey-claims-whites-black
Rancière, J. (2004). Disagreement. Politics and philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Rawlinson, K. (2011). Facebook rioters who incited disorder have appeals rejected. The Independent, October 19. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/facebook-rioters-who-incited-disorder-have-appeals-rejected-2372578.html
Rossi, U. (2017). Cities in global capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
Stratton, A., Elliott, L., & Ramesh, R. (2010) Spending review: George Osborne to save capital projects from cuts. The Guardian, October 17. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/oct/17/george-osborne-cuts-spending-review
Strickland, P., & Berman, G. (2012). Police stop and search powers. London: House of Commons.
Swyngedouw, E. (2017). Unlocking the mind-trap. Politicising urban theory and practice. Urban Studies, 54(1), 55–61.
The Guardian. (2011). The UK riots and language: ‘Rioter’, ‘protester’ or ‘scum’? August 10. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/aug/10/uk-riots-language
The Independent. (2011a). How gangs have taken the place of parents in urban ghettoes. Ian Burrell explores the backgrounds of the London rioters. August 10. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/how-gangs-have-taken-the-place-of-parents-in-urban-ghettoes-2335074.html
The Independent. (2011b). Leading article: Britain has experienced its Katrina moment. At the weekend the levees burst and we have been witnessing the ugly results. August 10. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials/leading-article-britain-has-experienced-its-katrina-moment-2334812.html
The Telegraph. (2011). London Riots: Water cannons to be used on ‘sick society’. August 10. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8694401/London-riots-water-cannons-to-be-used-on-sick-society.html
Townsend, M. (2012). Stop and search ‘racial profiling’ by police on the increase, claims study. The Guardian, January 14. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/law/2012/jan/14/stop-search-racial-profiling-police
Travis, A. (2012). England Riots: Almost 1000 people jailed so far, figures show. The Guardian, February 23. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/feb/23/almost-1000-jailed-riot-related-offences
YouGov. (2011a). Riots: What the papers say [online]. Retrieved from http://yougov.co.uk/news/2011/08/19/riots-what-papers-say/
YouGov. (2011b). YouGov England Riot Results: 9 out of 10 British adults say police should be able to be use water cannon on rioters and one third support use of live ammunition [online]. Retrieved April 23, 2013, from http://cdn.yougov.com/today_uk_import/yougov_england_riot_results_pdf_pr.pdf
Žižek, S. (2000). The ticklish subject. The absent centre of political ontology. London: Verso.
Žižek, S. (2011). Shoplifters of the world unite. London Review of Books, 19. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://www.lrb.co.uk/2011/08/19/slavoj-zizek/shoplifters-of-the-world-unite
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my very great appreciation to the editors for their valuable and constructive suggestions during the writing of this research work. My grateful thanks are also extended to Michael Müller for all the discussions that shaped this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dzudzek, I. (2018). Voice or Noise? Spaces of Appearance and Political Subjectivity in the London Riots 2011. In: Enright, T., Rossi, U. (eds) The Urban Political. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64534-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64534-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64533-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64534-6
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)