Abstract
The previous two chapters provided an overview of who receives and who gives adaptation aid, and then analysed the most important drivers of adaptation aid allocation, first in a pooled sample of donor countries, and in a second step for the three selected case study countries. More specifically, Chap. 4 explored overall adaptation flows from 2010 through to 2015 and compared donors as well as recipients with regard to how much adaptation they gave or received. The data shows that adaptation aid was a small, but growing, share of development aid, with some donors investing more than 10% of their development aid in adaptation projects. Germany, Sweden, and the UK were among the largest adaptation donors, while sids were among the largest adaptation aid recipients, per capita as well as in percent of total development aid. Chapter 5 examined more systematically the drivers of adaptation aid. Our results suggest, among other things, that vulnerable countries indeed obtained relatively high levels of adaptation aid, at least when vulnerability is understood and measured as physical exposure and sensitivity to climate risks. Yet, there are important differences across donor countries. For instance, while we find that sids received significantly more adaptation aid than non-sids, not every donor gave more adaptation aid to the sids. Indeed, neither Germany nor Sweden supported sids specifically (see Chap. 5).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adaptation Watch. 2015. Toward Mutual Accountability: The 2015 Adaptation Finance Transparency Gap Report. Policy Briefing. Available online at http://www.adaptationwatch.org/.
AdaptationWatch. (Weikmans et al.) 2016. Towards Transparency. The 2016 Adaptation Finance Transparency Gap Report. AdaptationWatch. White Paper. Available online at http://www.adaptationwatch.org/.
Alliansen. 2010, August. Jobbmanifestet: Alliansens Valmanifest 2010–2014. Stockholm.
bmu. 2013, September. The International Climate Initiative: Innovative Financing for Climate Protection. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Berlin.
bmu and bmz. 2013. Together for a Common Cause: Germany’s Contribution to International Climate Financing. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit and Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Berlin.
bmz. 2011, January. Klimawandel und Entwicklung. Information Brochure 1/2011 of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Berlin.
bmz. 2013, May. 14. Entwicklungspolitischer Bericht der Bundesregierung. Weißbuch zur Entwicklungspolitik. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (bmz), Berlin.
bmz. 2015a. Charter for the Future: One World—Our Responsibility. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (bmz), Bonn.
bmz. 2015b, April. Climate Action in Practice. The Contribution of German Development Policy. Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (bmz), Berlin.
Buchner, B., C. Trabacchi, F. Mazza, D. Abramskiehn, and D. Wang. 2015, November. Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2015. Climate Policy Initiative, Venice.
Cdu-csu Fraktion im Bundestag. 2013, April. Entwicklungspolitisches Positionspapier. Arbeitsgruppe Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Berlin.
Conservative Party. 2010, April. Invitation to Join the Government of Britain: The Conservative Manifesto 2010. Conservative Campaign Headquarters, London.
Conservative Party. 2015. Strong Leadership: A Clear Economic Plan. A Brighter, More Secure Future. Conservative Campaign Headquarters, London.
Davies, R.B., and S. Klasen. 2013. Of Donor Coordination, Free-Riding, Darlings, and Orphans: The Dependence of Bilateral Aid Commitments on Other Bilateral Giving. cesifo Working Paper No. 4177.
dfid. 2011, May. Business Plan 2011–2015, Department for International Development. Department for International Development, London.
dfid. 2012, June. Supporting a Healthy Environment: A Fresh Approach to Our Work on the Environment. Department for International Development, London.
dfid. 2015, July. Annual Report and Accounts 2014–15. Department for International Development, London.
Donner, S.D., M. Kandlikar, and S. Webber. 2016. Measuring and tracking the flow of climate change adaptation aid to the developing world. Environmental Research Letters 11(5): 1–9.
Dzebo, A., and H. van Asselt. 2014. Swedish Development Cooperation and Climate Change: Is There Potential for Better Mainstreaming? Nordic Centre of Excellence for Strategic Adaptation Research nord-star Policy Brief.
Government of Germany. 2009. Wachstum. Bildung. Zusammenhalt. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und FDP, 17. Legislaturperiode. Available online at https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Ministerium/koalitionsvertrag.pdf.
Government of Germany. 2013. Deutschlands Zukunft gestalten. Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD, 18. Legislaturperiode. Available online at https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/_Anlagen/2013/2013-12-17-koalitionsvertrag.pdf.
Government of Sweden. 2003, May. Shared Responsibility: Sweden’s Policy for Global Development. Government Bill 2002/03:122, Stockholm.
Government of Sweden. 2010, October. Regeringsförklaringen 2010, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2010/10/regeringsforklaringen-5-oktober-2010/.
Government of Sweden. 2011, September. Regeringsförklaringen 2011, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2011/09/regeringsforklaringen-15-september-2011/.
Government of Sweden. 2012, September. Regeringsförklaringen 2012, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2012/09/regeringsforklaringen-18-september-2012/.
Government of Sweden. 2013, September. Regeringsförklaringen 2013, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2013/09/regeringsforklaringen-17-september-2013/.
Government of Sweden. 2014a, March. Aid Policy Framework—The Direction of Swedish Aid. Government Communication 2013/14:131.
Government of Sweden. 2014b. Överenskommelse mellan Socialdemokraterna och Miljöpartiet de gröna, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.socialdemokraterna.se/upload/Overenskommelse_mellan_Socialdemokraterna_och_Miljopartiet_de_grona.pdf.
Government of Sweden. 2014c, October. Regeringsförklaringen 2014, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/informationsmaterial/2014/10/regeringsforklaringen-3-oktober-2014/.
Government of Sweden. 2015, September. Regeringsförklaringen 2015, Stockholm. Available online at http://www.regeringen.se/tal/2015/09/regeringsforklaringen-den-15-september-2015/.
Government of Sweden. 2016, December. Policyramverk för svenskt utvecklingssamarbete och humanitärt bistånd. Regeringens skrivelse 2016/17:60, Stockholm.
Government Offices of Sweden. 2010. Policy for Environmental and Climate Issues in Swedish Development Cooperation, 2010–2014. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sweden, Stockholm.
Junghans, L., and S. Harmeling. 2012. Different Tales from Different Countries: A First Assessment of the OECD ‘Adaptation Marker’. Germanwatch Briefing Paper.
Klasen, S., and R.B. Davies. 2011. Of Donor Coordination, Free-Riding, Darlings, and Orphans: The Dependence of Bilateral Aid Commitments on Other Bilateral Giving. Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Berlin 2011, No. 47.
Liberal Democrats. 2010. Liberal Democrat Manifesto 2010. Liberal Democrats, London.
Ministry for Foreign Affairs. 2007, August. Guidelines: Decisive Factors for Country Focus. Memorandum of the Department for Development Policy of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm.
oecd. 2011. Handbook on the OECD-DAC Climate Markers. Available online at www.oecd.org/dac/stats/48785310.pdf.
oecd. 2013. oecd Development Co-operation Peer Review: Sweden 2013. Paris: OECD Publishing.
oecd. 2014. oecd Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: United Kingdom 2014. Paris: OECD Publishing.
oecd. 2015. oecd Development Co-operation Peer Reviews: Germany 2015. Paris: OECD Publishing.
oecd dac. 2005. The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. Second High Level Forum on Joint Progress toward Enhanced Aid Effectiveness (Harmonisation, Alignment, and Results), Paris. Available online at http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/34428351.pdf.
oecd dac. 2008. Accra Agenda for Agenda. Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Accra. Available online at http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/thehighlevelforaonaideffectivenessahistory.htm.
oecd dac. 2011. Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation. Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Busan. Available online at http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/thehighlevelforaonaideffectivenessahistory.htm.
Olivier, J., T. Leiter, and J. Linke. 2013, November. Adaptation Made to Measure. A Guidebook to the Design and Results-based Monitoring of Climate Change Adaptation Projects. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (giz) GmbH, Eschborn.
Parliament of the United Kingdom. 2015. International Development (Official Development Assistance Target) Act 2015. Chapter 12. Available online at http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/12/pdfs/ukpga_20150012_en.pdf.
Raabe, S., B. Kofler, B. Hendricks, S. Rebmann, and K. Roth. 2013. Eine Welt, eine Zukunft: Für eine nachhaltige und fortschrittliche sozialdemokratische Entwicklungspolitik. Arbeitsgruppe für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung der SPD-Bundestagsfraktion, Berlin.
unfccc. 2009. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009. Addendum. Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its fifteenth session. Document FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1.
unfccc. 2015, December. Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Decision 1/CP.21. Document FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1.
Wasielewski Ahlfors, S. 2011. Adapting to a Changing Climate: The Swedish Government’s Special Climate Change Initiative 2009–2012. Swedish International Development Agency (Sida), Stockholm.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Betzold, C., Weiler, F. (2018). Qualitative Analysis: Adaptation Aid in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In: Development Aid and Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64510-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64510-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64509-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64510-0
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)