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Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Wildlife pp 319–355Cite as

Anticoagulants and Risk Mitigation

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Part of the book series: Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology ((ETEP,volume 5))

Abstract

Anticoagulant rodenticides are potent vertebrate poisons and can only be used safely in conjunction with a range of necessary risk mitigation measures. Many measures are obvious and widely applied, such as the addition of a human taste deterrent in bait formulations, the collection and safe disposal of poisoned rodents and the use of tamper-resistant bait boxes to prevent exposure to rodenticide bait of animals that are larger than target rodents. Risk mitigation measures to prevent primary exposure are available and often reasonably effective, but it is much more difficult to prevent secondary poisoning. Risk mitigation is a matter for all those involved with rodenticides including regulators, manufacturers and users. Progress is being made through training and publicity, but many users currently still do not understand the need for, and benefits of, risk mitigation. This chapter examines a range of risk mitigation measures in terms of both their beneficial effects and, in some cases, their detrimental impacts on rodenticide efficacy. Few scientific studies on risk mitigation have been conducted and most of what we know is the result of practical experience supported by informed supposition. It is to be hoped that this chapter will stimulate research to bring forward new mitigation measures and provide information about the efficacy of those we currently employ. Finally, a case study is presented of risk mitigation in the UK based on a series of surveys and monitoring programmes conducted by scientists and regulators. It is apparent that currently-applied risk mitigation is largely effective in preventing serious acute impacts, but is signally ineffective in preventing widespread wildlife contamination.

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  1. The University of Reading, School of Biological Sciences, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK

    Alan Buckle & Colin Prescott

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  1. Alan Buckle
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Nico W. van den Brink

  2. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Delta, British Columbia, Canada

    John E. Elliott

  3. Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, United Kingdom

    Richard F. Shore

  4. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA

    Barnett A. Rattner

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Buckle, A., Prescott, C. (2018). Anticoagulants and Risk Mitigation. In: van den Brink, N., Elliott, J., Shore, R., Rattner, B. (eds) Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Wildlife. Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64377-9_12

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