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Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia pp 29–40Cite as

The Leukemic Stem Cell

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Abstract

Tumors, including leukemia, are characterized by a high degree of intratumor cell heterogeneity, which is considered critical for tumor maintenance and growth, as well as for response to treatments.

The hierarchical model of tumor organization is an old concept that gained attention in the past 20 years, upon the development of xenotransplantation assays. This allowed the characterization of a rare cell population, namely, the leukemic stem cells (LSCs), equipped with enhanced self-renewal and differentiation potential. LSCs can be considered as the malignant counterpart of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, thus, as the only cells within a tumor that retain the ability to initiate and sustain leukemogenic processes in vivo. In this chapter, we will discuss the evidence that led to the formulation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory; the various aspects of CSC biology, with particular emphasis on LSCs of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); and the resulting implications for the design of novel and effective therapeutic strategies.

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Abbreviations

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

APL:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

ATO:

Arsenic trioxide

ATRA:

All-trans retinoic acid

BM:

Bone marrow

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

FAB:

French-American-British classification

FACS:

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

FISH:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

GO:

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

LIC:

Leukemia-initiating cell

LSC:

Leukemia stem cell

MSC:

Mesenchymal stromal cell

NOD/SCID:

Nonobese diabetic SCID

NSG:

NOD/SCID IL2Rg null

RA:

Retinoic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SC:

Stem cell

SCID:

Severe combined immunodeficiency

TIC:

Tumor-initiating cell

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Author notes

  1. † Thalia Vlachou and Giulia De Conti contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy

    Thalia Vlachou Ph.D., Giulia De Conti Ph.D., Anna Giulia Sanarico & Pier Giuseppe Pelicci M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Oncology and Hemathology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Pier Giuseppe Pelicci M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Thalia Vlachou Ph.D.
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  2. Giulia De Conti Ph.D.
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  3. Anna Giulia Sanarico
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  4. Pier Giuseppe Pelicci M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Pier Giuseppe Pelicci M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Oussama Abla

  2. Department of Hematology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Lo Coco

  3. Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Miguel A. Sanz

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Vlachou, T., De Conti, G., Sanarico, A.G., Pelicci, P.G. (2018). The Leukemic Stem Cell. In: Abla, O., Lo Coco, F., Sanz, M. (eds) Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64257-4_3

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