Skip to main content

Improving Model Inspection Processes with Crowdsourcing: Findings from a Controlled Experiment

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement (EuroSPI 2017)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 748))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The application of best-practice software inspection processes for early defect detection requires considerable human effort. Crowdsourcing approaches can support inspection activities (a) by distributing inspection effort among a group of human experts and (b) by increasing inspection control. Thus, the application of crowdsourcing techniques aims at making inspection processes more effective and efficient. In this paper, we present a crowdsourcing-supported model inspection (CSI) process and investigate its defect detection effectiveness and efficiency when inspecting an Extended Entity Relationship (EER) model. The CSI process uses so-called Expected Model Elements (EMEs) to guide CSI inspectors during defect detection. We conducted a controlled experiment on defect detection effectiveness, efficiency, and false positives. While CSI effectiveness and efficiency is lower for CSI inspectors, the number of false positives decreases. However, CSI was found promising for increasing the control of defect detection and supports the inspection of large-scale engineering models.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Amazon Mechanical Turk: www.mturk.com.

  2. 2.

    CrowdFlower: www.crowdflower.com.

References

  1. Parnas, D.L., Lawford, M.: The role of inspection in software quality assurance. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 29(8), 674–676 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brambilla, M., Cabot, J., Wimmer, M.: Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, San Rafael (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fagan, M.E.: Design and code inspections to reduce errors in program development. IBM Syst. J. 15(7), 182–211 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Aurum, A., Petersson, H., Wohlin, C.: State-of-the-art: Software Inspections after 25 Years. Softw. Test. Verificat. Reliab. 12(3), 133–154 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Travassos, G.H., Shull, F., Carver, J., Basili, V.: Reading techniques for OO design inspections. Technical report, Fraunhofer Center-Maryland, U. Maryland (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. LaToza, T.D., van der Hoek, A.: Crowdsourcing in Software Engineering: Models. IEEE Softw. Motiv. Challenges 33(1), 74–80 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shull, F., Rus, I., Basili, V.: How perspective-based reading can improve requirements inspections. IEEE Softw. 3(7), 73–79 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kalinowski, M., Travassos, G.H.: A computational framework for supporting software inspections. In: Proceedings of ASE, Linz, Austria, pp. 46–55 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lanubile, F., Mallardo, T.: Tool support for distributed inspection. In: Proceedings of COMPSAC. IEEE (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hernandes, E.M., Belgamo, A., Fabbri, S.: Experimental studies in software inspection process - a systematic mapping. In: Proceedings of ICEIS, pp. 66–76 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mao, K., Capra, L., Harman, M., Jia, Y.: A survey of the use of crowdsourcing in software engineering. J. Syst. Softw., 28 p. (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wohlin C., Runeson P., Höst, M., Ohlsson, M., Regnell, B., Wessl, A.: Experimentation in Software Engineering. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Winkler, D., Sabou, M., Petrovic, S., Caneiro, G., Kalinowski, M., Biffl, S.: Improving model inspection with crowdsourcing. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Crowdsourcing in SE, ICSE, Buenos Aires (2017, to appear)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Manning, C.D., Raghavan, P., SchĂ¼tze, H.: Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thalheim, V.: Extended entity-relationship model. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Database Systems, pp. 1083–1091. Springer, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Winkler D., Sabou, M., Petrovic, S., Caneiro, G., Kalinowski, M., Biffl, S.: Investigating model quality assurance with a distributed and scalable review process. In: Proceedings of CIbSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2017, to appear)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Runeson, P.: Using students as experiment subjects–an analysis on graduate and freshmen student data. In: Proceedings of the 7th EASE Conference (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dietmar Winkler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Winkler, D., Sabou, M., Petrovic, S., Carneiro, G., Kalinowski, M., Biffl, S. (2017). Improving Model Inspection Processes with Crowdsourcing: Findings from a Controlled Experiment. In: Stolfa, J., Stolfa, S., O'Connor, R., Messnarz, R. (eds) Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement. EuroSPI 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 748. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64218-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64218-5_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64217-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64218-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics