Abstract
Undesired or unexpected properties are frequent, as large-scale complex systems with nonlinear interactions are being designed and implemented to answer real-life scenarios. Identifying these behaviors as they happen as well as determining whether these behaviors are beneficial for the system is crucial to highlight potential faults or undesired side effects early in the development of a system, thus promising significant cost reductions. Beyond the inherent challenges in identifying these behaviors, the problem of validating the observed emergent behavior remains challenging, as this behavior is, by definition, not expected or envisaged by system designers. This chapter presents an overview of existing work for the automated detection of emergent behavior and discusses some potential solutions to the challenge of validating emergent behavior. Building on the idea of comparing an identified emergent behavior with previously seen behaviors, we propose a two-step process for validating emergent behavior. Our initial experiments using a Flock of Birds model show the promise of this approach but also highlight future avenues of research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anh HT, Pereira LM, Santos FC (2012) The emergence of commitments and cooperation. In: van der Hoek W, Padgham L, Conitzer V, Winikoff M (eds) AAMAS. IFAAMAS, pp 559–566
Bedau M (1997) Weak emergence. Philos Perspect 11:375–399
Bernon C, Gleizes MP, Peyruqueou S, Picard G (2003) Adelfe: a methodology for adaptive multi-agent systems engineering. In: Engineering societies in the agents world III. Springer, pp 156–169
Birdsey L, Szabo C, Falkner K (2016) Casl: a declarative domain specific language for modeling complex adaptive systems. In: Winter simulation conference (WSC). IEEE, pp 1241–1252
Brown DS, Goodrich MA (2014) Limited bandwidth recognition of collective behaviors in bio-inspired swarms. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, pp 405–412
Chan WKV (2011a) Interaction metric of emergent behaviors in agent-based simulation. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, Phoenix, USA, pp 357–368
Chan WKV (2011b) Interaction metric of emergent behaviors in agent-based simulation. In: Jain S, Jr RRC, Himmelspach J, White KP, Fu MC (eds) Winter simulation conference. WSC, pp 357–368
Chen C, Nagl SB, Clack CD (2007) Specifying, detecting and analysing emergent behaviours in multi-level agent-based simulations. In: Proceedings of the summer computer simulation conference
Chen CC, Nagl SB, Clack CD (2009) A formalism for multi-level emergent behaviours in designed component-based systems and agent-based simulations. Underst Complex Syst
Chan W, Son YS, Macal CM (2010) Simulation of emergent behavior and differences between agent-based simulation and discrete-event simulation. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, pp 135–150
Chi L (2009) Transplating social capital to the online world: insights from two experimental studies. J Organ Comput Electr Comm 19:214–236
Cilliers P (1998) Complexity and postmodernism. Routledge
Davis P (2005) New paradigms and challenges. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, Orlando, USA
Fayyad U, Uthurusamy R (2002) Evolving data into mining solutions for insights. ACM, Commun, p 45
Floyd S, Jacobson V (1993) The synchronization of periodic routing messages. In: Proceedings of special interest group on data communication, pp 33–44
Fromm J (2006) On engineering and emergence. arXiv preprint nlin/0601002
Gardner M (1970) The fantastic combinations of John Conway’s new solitaire games. Math Games
Gershenson C, Fernandez N (2012) Complexity and information: measuring emergence, self-organization, and homeostatis at multiple scales. Complexity
Holland J (1999) Emergence, from chaos to order. Basic Books
Holland OT (2007) Taxonomy for the modeling and simulation of emergent behavior systems. In: Proceedings of the 2007 spring simulation multiconference, pp 28–35
Huttenlocher DP, Klanderman GA, Rucklidge WJ (1993) Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 15:850–863
Jacyno M, Bullock S, Luck M, Payne TR (2009) Emergent service provisioning and demand estimation through self-organizing agent communities. Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems 1:481–488
Johnson CW (2006) What are emergent properties and how do they affect the engineering of complex systems? Reliability Engineering and System Safety 12:1475–1481
Kubik A (2003) Towards a Formalization of Emergence. Journal of Artificial Life 9:41–65
Mittal S (2013) Emergence in Stigmergic and Complex Adaptive Systems: A Formal Discrete Event Systems Perspective. Cognitive Systems Research 21:22–39
Mnif M, Müller-Schloer C (2006) Quantitative Emergence. In: IEEE Mountain Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Systems, pp 78–84, 24–26 July 2006. doi:10.1109/SMCALS.2006.250695
Mogul JC (2006) Emergent (mis)behavior vs. Complex Software Systems. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGOPS/eurosys european conference on computer systems, New York, USA, pp 293–304
Odell J (1998) Agents and emergence. Distrib Comput 51–53
Petty M, Weisel E (2003a) Basis for a theory of semantic composability. In: Proceedings of the spring simulation interoperability workshop, Orlando, USA
Petty M, Weisel EW (2003b) A composability lexicon. Proceedings of the spring simulation interoperability workshop. Orlando, USA, pp 181–187
Prokopenko M, Boschetti F, Ryan AJ (2009) An information-theoretic primer of complexity. Self-organization and emergence. Complexity 15:11–28
Ramakrishnan KK, Yang H (1994) The ethernet capture effect: analysis and solution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE local computer networks conference, Minneapolis, USA
Reynolds C (1987) Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 25–34
Salazar N, Rodriguez-Aguilar JA, Arcos JL, Peleteiro A, Burguillo-Rial JC (2011) Emerging cooperation on complex networks. In: Proceedings of the international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, pp 669–676
Savarimuthu B, Purvis M, Cranefield S, Purvis M (2007) Mechanisms for norm emergence in multiagent societies. In: Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS’07, pp 173:1–173:3
Serugendo GDM, Gleizes MP, Karageorgos A (2006) Self-organisation and emergence in mas: an overview. Informatica (Slovenia) 30(1):45–54
Seth AK (2008) Measuring emergence via nonlinear granger causality. In: Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on the simulation and synthesis of living systems, pp 545–553
Szabo C, Teo Y (2012a) An integrated approach for the validation of emergence in component-based simulation models. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, pp 2412–2423
Szabo C, Teo YM (2012b) An integrated approach for the validation of emergence in component-based simulation models. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, p 242
Szabo C, Teo YM (2013) Post-mortem analysis of emergent behavior in complex simulation models. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on principles of advanced discrete simulation. ACM, pp 241–252
Szabo C, Teo YM, See S (2009) A time-based formalism for the validation of semantic composability. In: Winter simulation conference, pp 1411–1422
Tang M, Mao X (2014) Information entropy-based metrics for measuring emergences in artificial societies, vol 16, pp 4583–4602. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Teo YM, Luong BL, Szabo C (2013) Formalization of emergence in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on principles of advanced discrete simulation. ACM, pp 231–240
Tolk A (2017) Bias ex silico—observations on simulationist’s regress. In: Proceedings of the spring simulation multi-conference, pp 314–322
Vail DL, Veloso MM, Lafferty JD (2007) Conditional random fields for activity recognition. In: Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, AAMAS ’07, pp 235:1–235:8
Yaneer B-Y (2004) A mathematical theory of strong emergence using multiscale variety. Complexity 9:15–24
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG (outside the USA)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Szabo, C., Birdsey, L. (2017). Validating Emergent Behavior in Complex Systems. In: Tolk, A., Fowler, J., Shao, G., Yücesan, E. (eds) Advances in Modeling and Simulation. Simulation Foundations, Methods and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64182-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64182-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64181-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64182-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)