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Microtubules in Prostate Cancer

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Precision Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Molecular Pathology Library ((MPLB))

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Abstract

The microtubule (MT) network plays several essential roles throughout the cell cycle beyond its established role in mitosis; in prostate cancer (PC) cells, MTs have been directly implicated in facilitating the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR) and in the activation of its downstream signaling activity.

The implication of the microtubule cytoskeleton in key processes for cancer progression makes MTs an effective target for cancer chemotherapy. To date, more than 10 microtubule-targeting drugs received FDA approval for the treatment of several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, changing the adverse natural history of metastatic cancer, thus, establishing tubulin and microtubules as the most successful and effective target for cancer treatment.

Taxane chemotherapy drugs since their first FDA approval in 2004 (docetaxel) for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer have significantly improved overall survival and quality of life of advanced PC patients. Recently, a new therapeutic avenue involving taxanes presented a breakthrough in cancer treatment: in clinical trials docetaxel is tested in combination with the standard androgen deprivation therapy at the beginning of the treatment sequence in castration-naïve setting. Although these preliminary results still require further validation, if they hold true they will significantly impact clinical treatment of PC.

In spite of clinical achievements, the majority of taxane-treated patients will eventually progress, as a consequence of drug resistance development. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the phenomenon; modifications of the MT cytoskeleton, including differential tubulin isotype expression or posttranslational modifications, can alter the interaction between the drug and its target; moreover, alterations of molecules crucial for prostate cancer progression, such as AR splicing variants (ARv7), could circumvent taxane blockage of AR nuclear translocation and the subsequent activation of the AR-dependent signaling pathway.

A more comprehensive understanding of taxane mechanism(s) of action and of the processes sustaining taxane resistance will benefit prostate cancer treatment and improve patient survival.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Paraskevi (Evi) Giannakakou Ph.D. & Giuseppe Galletti M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Paraskevi (Evi) Giannakakou Ph.D.
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  1. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

    Brian D. Robinson

  2. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

    Juan Miguel Mosquera

  3. Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA

    Jae Y. Ro

  4. Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, Texas, USA

    Mukul Divatia

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Giannakakou, P.(., Galletti, G. (2018). Microtubules in Prostate Cancer. In: Robinson, B., Mosquera, J., Ro, J., Divatia, M. (eds) Precision Molecular Pathology of Prostate Cancer. Molecular Pathology Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64096-9_25

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