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Experiments on the Thermodynamics of Information Processing pp 33–44Cite as

Feedback Trap

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Abstract

Feedback traps can create arbitrary virtual potentials for exploring the dynamics of small Brownian particles. In a feedback trap, the particle position is measured periodically and, after each measurement, one applies the force that would be produced by the gradient of the “virtual potential,” at the particle location. Virtual potentials differ from real ones in that the feedback loop introduces dynamical effects not present in ordinary potentials. These dynamical effects are caused by small time scales associated with the feedback, including the delay between the measurement of a particle’s position and the feedback response, the feedback response that is applied for a finite update time, and the finite camera exposure from integrating motion. Here, we characterize the relevant experimental parameters and compare to theory the observed power spectra and variance for a particle in a virtual harmonic potential. We show that deviations from the dynamics expected of a continuous potential are measured by the ratio of these small time scales to the relaxation time scale of the virtual potential.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Some versions of the feedback trap use a single detector to time photon counts from a rapidly scanned laser beam. For such systems, there is no exposure time, although there continues to be a lag between the photon detection and the response. However, while the effectively instantaneous detection of photons and consequent lack of a finite camera exposure time simplifies some aspects of the dynamics, the Poisson statistics associated with both signal and background and the need to use sophisticated filtering techniques create difficulties of their own [22, 23].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Momčilo Gavrilov

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  1. Momčilo Gavrilov
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Correspondence to Momčilo Gavrilov .

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Gavrilov, M. (2017). Feedback Trap. In: Experiments on the Thermodynamics of Information Processing. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63694-8_2

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