Abstract
In Scotland in 2000, an expert committee made recommendations for the introduction of a new sentence—the Order for Lifelong Restriction (OLR)—intended to provide exceptional measures to manage the risk posed by those who present an enduring, life-endangering risk to others. Around that time, many other jurisdictions were similarly focused; however, the policy and sentence that emerged in Scotland have particular features that make the Scottish approach distinctive. Despite this, little has been written about the OLR. This chapter will draw on a range of data collected by the Risk Management Authority (RMA) to examine the application and implementation of the OLR since 2006.
The authors are employed by the Risk Management Authority; the views expressed in this chapter are their own and do not necessarily represent those of the Authority.
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Notes
- 1.
The LSCMI addresses the main risk/need factors associated with offending; specific criminogenic needs relevant to violent offending; history of perpetration; prison experience; a range of social, welfare, health and victimisation issues; and responsivity issues.
- 2.
Risk Management Authority (2011) proposes a structured risk assessment process incorporating identification, analysis, evaluation and communication.
- 3.
- 4.
Risk Management Authority (2011) proposes that the assessment and evaluation of risk should consider the pattern, nature, seriousness and likelihood of further offending.
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Legislation
Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995
Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003
International Instruments
European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Recommendation CM/Rec (2014) 3 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Dangerous Offenders (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 February 2014)
Recommendation Rec (2000) 22 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Improving the Implementation of European Rules on Community Sanctions and Measures
Recommendation CM/Rec (2008) 11 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the European Rules for Juvenile Offenders Subject to Sanctions or Measures
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1991)
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules)
Cases
(1) Morris Petch & (2) Robert Foye v. Her Majesty’s Advocate [2010] HCJAC 2
(1) James Ferguson; (2) Stuart Cameron; (3) Bruce James Balfour & (4) Thomas Nolan v. Her Majesty’s Advocate [2014] HCJAC 19
(1) Andrew Kinloch & (2) James Quinn v. Her Majesty’s Advocate [2015] HCJAC 102
Sean Barry Moynihan v. Her Majesty’s Advocate [2016] HCJAC 85
Myles Gibson Simpson v. Her Majesty’s Advocate [2015] HCJAC 20
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Gailey, Y., Martin, L., Webb, R. (2017). ‘An Exceptional Sentence’: Exploring the Implementation of the Order for Lifelong Restriction. In: McCartan, K., Kemshall, H. (eds) Contemporary Sex Offender Risk Management, Volume I. Palgrave Studies in Risk, Crime and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63567-5_5
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