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Prevention and Treatment

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Essentials of Hypertension

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Abstract

Prevention of blood pressure (BP) rising with age is the rational approach to prevent the consequences of hypertension. This chapter provides recommendations supported by sound evidences to prevent and treat hypertension. Restraining the intake of sodium salts and avoiding the accumulation of fatness are the key components of a healthier lifestyle, accompanied by the DASH diet and other diets enriched with potassium, and by the moderation in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Diuretics, particularly chlorthalidone, are the cornerstone drugs to effectively lower blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular events. Beta-blockers and ACE-inhibitors are indicated after a myocardial infarction and for the management of heart failure. The effectiveness of percutaneous or surgical correction of atherosclerotic renovascular disease has been frustrating, and renal artery sympathetic denervation is a therapy looking for evidence of biological and clinical activity. The management of patients with very high BP in emergency rooms should follow the protocols of the underlying clinical conditions, leaving aside the diagnoses of hypertensive crisis, urgencies, and emergencies. Self-monitoring, pharmaceutical care, and motivational interviews are among the interventions that improve adherence to treatment.

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    Flávio Danni Fuchs

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Fuchs, F.D. (2018). Prevention and Treatment. In: Essentials of Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63272-8_4

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