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Essentials of Hypertension pp 67–99Cite as

Diagnosis and Evaluation

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Abstract

Methods of blood pressure (BP) measurement aim to estimate the daily vascular load, which is theoretically resultant of the sum of heart beat-to-beat generated BP throughout 24 h. This chapter presents the evidences that automatic oscillometric methods are more precise than the auscultatory method for BP measurement. Methods for repeated and unwitnessed BP pressure measurements, such as in the automated office and home BP measurement, and in ambulatory BP measurement, are more efficient to estimate the usual BP. Clinical and complementary evaluation aim to assess target organ damage and stratify the risks of patients. Development of clinical disease assumes dominance in the determination of prognosis. ECG and echocardiogram, optic fundus examination, evaluation of aortic stiffness, peripheral artery disease, and BP variability are capable to further stratify the risks of patients, but do not influence the choosing of therapeutic strategies. Search of primary causes of hypertension is not indicated for most patients. Presence of diagnostic clues and resistant hypertension are the main reasons to search for primary causes of hypertension.

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  1. Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Flávio Danni Fuchs

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Fuchs, F.D. (2018). Diagnosis and Evaluation. In: Essentials of Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63272-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63272-8_3

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