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Redox Signaling and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

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Pulmonary Vasculature Redox Signaling in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 967))

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are redox-signaling molecules that are critically involved in regulating endothelial cell functions, host defense, aging, and cellular adaptation. Mitochondria are the major sources of ROS and important sources of redox signaling in pulmonary circulation. It is becoming increasingly evident that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and aberrant signaling through redox-sensitive pathways play a direct causative role in the pathogenesis of many cardiopulmonary disorders including persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). This chapter highlights redox signaling in endothelial cells, antioxidant defense mechanism, cell responses to oxidative stress, and their contributions to disease pathogenesis.

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Abbreviations

ADAM:

Asymmetric dimethyl arginine

AKT:

Protein kinase B

BH4:

Tetrahydrobiopterin

ECMO:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

ECs:

Endothelial cells

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ET1:

Endothelin 1

GCH1:

GTP cyclohydrolase 1

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HIFs:

Hypoxia-inducible factors

HOCl:

Hypochloric acid

hsp70 and 90:

Heat shock protein 70 and 90

iNO:

Inhaled nitric oxide

KEAP1:

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1

NO:

Nitric oxide

Noxes:

NADPH oxidases

NRF2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

O2 − :

Superoxide

ONOO− :

Peroxylnitrite

PA:

Pulmonary artery

PASMCs:

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

PDE3 and PDE5:

Phosphodiesterase-3 and -5

PI3K:

Phosphoinositol-3 kinase

PPHN:

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

RDS:

Respiratory distress syndrome

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

VSMCs:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, 999 N92nd Street, CCC suite 410, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Megha Sharma & Adeleye J. Afolayan M.D.

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  1. Megha Sharma
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  2. Adeleye J. Afolayan M.D.
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Correspondence to Adeleye J. Afolayan M.D. .

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA

    Yong-Xiao Wang

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Sharma, M., Afolayan, A.J. (2017). Redox Signaling and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. In: Wang, YX. (eds) Pulmonary Vasculature Redox Signaling in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 967. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_16

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