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Vitiligo pp 205–223Cite as

Animal Models

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Abstract

Vitiligo is a non-communicable, multifactorial pigmentation disorder. Autoimmunity has been identified as a major etiological factor in the postnatal loss of epidermal melanocytes in the skin of vitiligo patients. As with other tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, genetic predisposition to vitiligo development may be manifested in altered responsiveness of tissue cells and immune system components to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors, leading to immunorecognition and immune system-mediated loss of melanocytes. To understand the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms driving disease onset and progression, and to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies for autoimmune vitiligo, appropriate animal models are required. In this context, experimental animal models that naturally develop vitiligo would more closely reflect the complex nature of the disorder in humans than experimental models where the autoimmune disease was induced. Animal models with truly naturally occurring autoimmune disease are rare. However, for autoimmune vitiligo, the Smyth line of chicken was established as a highly relevant, spontaneous model for both basic and translational research, as it displays the entire spectrum of clinical and biological manifestations of autoimmune vitiligo in humans. While there is no natural vitiligo mouse model, induction of vitiligo in mice by generation of melanocyte-specific immune responses proved to be an invaluable approach to dissect cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the autoimmune depigmentation and repigmentation processes. Together, research using the natural and induced animal models will provide the critical knowledge needed to understand, treat, and prevent autoimmune vitiligo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Agriculture, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

    Gisela F. Erf

  2. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Western University, Chicago, IL, USA

    I. Caroline Le Poole

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  1. Gisela F. Erf
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  2. I. Caroline Le Poole
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Correspondence to Gisela F. Erf .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cutaneous Physiopathology & CIRM, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy

    Mauro Picardo

  2. Hôpital Saint André, Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, INSERM U 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    Alain Taïeb

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Erf, G.F., Le Poole, I.C. (2019). Animal Models. In: Picardo, M., Taïeb, A. (eds) Vitiligo. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62960-5_22

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