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Not Always a Co-creation: Exploratory Study of Reasons, Emotions and Practices of the Value Co-destruction in Virtual Communities

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Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation (ICDEc 2017)

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Abstract

This exploratory research proposes to examine reasons, emotions and practices of the value co-destruction in the virtual community. A qualitative exploratory study using the netnography method combined with the critical incidents technique was conducted. The results clarify, firstly, that the corporate misbehavior, the unfairness of the firm and the failure of the consumer experience are the main reasons of the value co-destruction, and secondly, that many emotions for example anger and feelings of betrayal can conduct to negative consumer practices. These practices can destroy the value in the virtual community. We mainly cite the boycott of the brand, the vengeance of Internet users, and the reduction of patronage in particular the comparison with other competing brands.

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Correspondence to Arij Jmour .

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Appendices

Appendix 1: The Number of Communities Members at 2017

The community

The number of community members

«Tunisie Télécom»

995.145

«Ooredoo Tunisie»

2.306.360

«Orange»

22.595.153

Appendix 2: The Guide of Interview

Theme 1: The causes of value co-destruction

1/ Why do you behave negatively in the community?

2/ How do you evaluated your experience with the brand and the community?

Theme 2: The emotions of value co-destruction

3/ What are your emotions towards the community and the brand?

4/ Do you think you’re satisfied with the community which you participated in the creation?

Theme 3: The practices of value co-destruction

5/ How do you behave in the community?

6/ What are the consequences of your comments on the company?

Appendix 3: Characteristics of the Sample

 

Members profile

Number of members publishing negative comments in percent (%)

Gender

Man

66,3%

Woman

33,7%

Age

Between 15–25

58,3%

Between 26–30

16,7%

Between 30–40

25%

Socio-professional Category

Pupil

10,3%

Student

31%

Unemployed

6,9%

Liberal profession

6,9%

Employee

44,9%

Appendix 4: The Causes of Value Co-destruction

Les causes de la co-destruction de la valeur

«Verbatims»

Corporate Misbehavior:

– The lack of credibility of the information and the company

– The scam, the flight, the cheating and the shame of the company

– Opportunistic behavior

– The lack of the response by the company to consumer complaints.

– The unfairness

– The lack of the transparency of the company

• «c’est de la triche et orange n’est pas honnête avec ses clients»

• «Tunisie Télécom tout simplement essaie de m’arnaquer», «tout le monde souffre de l’arnaque de Ooredoo», «oui ooreedoo Tunisie est devenue une firme d’arnaque»

• «c’est la triche vous volez», «cessez de voler, c’est la honte», « vous n’aimez que le vol», «depuis que vous avez changé votre nom vous avez perdu votre crédibilité»

• «pourquoi vous mentez»

• «Toujours pas de réponse????»

It’s cheating and orange is not honest with its customers”

“Tunisie Telecom simply tries to rip me off”, “everyone suffers from the rip-off of Ooredoo”, “yes ooreedooTunisie has become a rip-off firm”

“It’s the cheat, you steal”, “Stop stealing, it’s a shame”, “You only like stealing”, “Since you changed your name you have lost your credibility”

“whyyou lie”

“Still no answer????”

– The failure of the consumer experiences with the brand

• «j’ai rechargé 5 dt ils m’ont volé 2 dt forfait»

• «Quand j’achète un forfait Facebook je retourne après un jour je le trouve terminé. C’est illicite»

• «chaque mois le même problème pour acheter un forfait chaque jour j’appelle le service client et la bonne réponse on va passer la réclamation au service technique»

• «Ya deux mois quand je recharge une carte jamais je la trouve complète par exemple quand je recharge 1 dt je reçois que 500 mil»

• «j’ai dépassé les 9dt de consommation mais je ne trouve pas 1Go d internet?!»

• «Honnêtement c’est pas la première fois que j’ai essayé de recharger mon numéro et ça passe dans le vide exp aujourd’hui j’ai rechargé 2 dt et soudain ça passe dans le vide c’est dommage comme même à noter bien que j’ai bénéficié de l’offre de kriddi qu’une seule fois. Même chose pour l’offre flexi j’ai 600 mo et se passe dans le vide j’ai connecté que pour une demi-heure»

• «j’ai acheté un forfait 2dt/moisil a resté 5 jrs puis il a terminé???»

“I recharged 5 dt, they stole 2 dt forfeit”

“When I buy a Facebook package I return after one day I find it finished. It’s illegal”

“every month the same problem: to buy a package every day I call the customer service and the right answer: we will pass the complaint to the technical department”

“Two months ago when I refilled a card. Never I find it complete for example when I recharge 1 dt I get 500 m”

“I have exceeded the 9 dt of consumption, but I don’t find 1Go of Internet!”

“Honestly this is not the first time I tried to refill my prepaid card and but my card was not credited. For example, today I recharged 2 dt, but my card was not credited, that’s too bad. To note that I have benefited from the offer of kriddi only once. Same thing for the flexi offer: I have 600 Mo and happens in the vacuum. I only logged in for half an hour”

“I bought a 2dt/month package. It stayed 5 days then it finished??? ”

– Conflicts between members

– Negative interactions between the company and the members

– The imbalance between the value co-created by the company and the value co-created by the user

– Loss of resources

• «Je vous admire Que Dieu vous aide», M.M. a répondu: «Arrête!!!! Ooredoo est voleuse»

• I admire you God helps you, “Mr. M. answered: “ Stop!!!!Ooredoois a thief”

– Incomplete or misinterpreted informations

«bonsoir, j’ai fait un contrat avec orange concernant la clé premium illimité de 08 h à 19 h et 15 Go de 19 h à 08 h et maintenant ils me disent que l’illimité est “ limité “ à 25 Go et ma connexion internet a cessé le 26 octobre 2016 et quand j’ai contacté le service clientèle ilsm’ont dit “nous s’excusons”»

«j’ai reçu le 26/10 un appel d’un de vos agents pour m’informer que le problème a été résolu alors que ce n’était pas le cas»

• “Good evening, I made a contract with orange regarding the unlimited premium key from 08 h to 19 h and 15Go from 19 h to 08 h. Now they tell me that unlimited is “limited” to 25 GB and my internet connection has stopped October 26, 2016 and when I contacted the customer service they said “we apologize”

“I received a call from one of your agents on 26/10 to let me know that the problem was solved when it was not”

– The change in the name and nationality of the brand

• «pourquoi vous avez changé le forfait fb à l’ancien était plus mieux»

• «car quand elle était sous le nom du Tunisiana elle était le leader parmi ses concurrents et on perçoit les offres sur la page communautaire mais quand elle a changé son nom à ooreedoo, plusieurs ont migré vers Orange»

• «à l’ancien, vous êtes la meilleure firme et maintenant vous êtes trop chers, nous détestons ce nouveau service»

• «nous voulons reprendre l’ancienne Tunisiana»

• “Why you changed the fbpackage. The former was better”

• “because when she was under the name of Tunisiana she was the leader among her competitors and we see the offers on the community page but when she changed her name to ooreedoo, several migrated to Orange”

• “to the old, you are the best firm and now you are too expensive, we hate this new service”

• “we want to take over the old Tunisiana”

Appendix 5: The Emotions of Value Co-destruction

Les émotions de la co-destruction de la valeur

«Verbatims»

– The anger

«Je suis entré à Ooredoo pour exprimer ma colère envers la marque»

“I entered Ooredoo to express my anger towards the brand”

– The unfavorable impression on the brand

– The negative affect on the company

– The negative evaluation

– The dissatisfaction

• «j’aime pas Ooredoo puisqu’elle est en train d’augmenter les valeurs de prix et la qualité est médiocre»

• «on n’aime pas», «j’ai détesté: votre forfait est épuisé», «on a détesté ooredoo», «depuis quand Ooredoo fait du bien!»

• I dont like Ooredoo since it is increasing the prices and the quality is poor

• “we don’t like”, “I hated: your package is exhausted”, “We have de-tested Ooredoo”, “Since when Ooredoo does good!”

– The feeling of treason

R.M: «Vous mentez! je joue presque chaque jour et jamais que je gagne». N.S a répondu: «Ce n’est pas vrai moi j’ai gagné un smart phone la semaine précédente»

R.M: “You are lying! I play almost every day and never win”

N.S replied, “It’s not true, I won a smart phone last week”

– The disappointment

– The frustration

• «je suis vraiment déçu»

I’mreallydisappointed

– The hostility

• «Ma relation avec la marque est très mauvaise»

• «la plus mauvaise connexion dans le monde»

• «La situation est devenue critique et gênante»

• “My relationship with the brand is very bad»

• “the worst connection in the world”

• “The situation has become critical and embarrassing”

Appendix 6: The Practices of Value Co-destruction

Les pratiques de la co-destruction de la valeur

«Verbatims»

– The negative word of mouth

– The discouragement of community participation

– The articulation of bad behavioral expectations

– The publication of negative messages about the brand

– The bad governance of the consumer on the company

«Vous êtes incapables»

• «c’est ton premier mois de forfait tu verras pour le reste personnellement j’ai résilié et 80% de mes contacts ont changé le fournisseur»

“You are incapable”

“This is your first month of package you will see for the rest, personally I have canceled and 80% of my contacts have changed the supplier”

– Not recommending the other members to buy the brand

– Reduce the attitude of new members of the community

•«c’est ton premier mois de forfait tu verras pour le reste personnellement j’ai résilié et plein de mes contacts aussi 80% ils ont changé le fournisseur»

• «je vais jeter la puce et acheter une autre depuis un autre fournisseur»

• «si non j’essaye de changer l’opérateur»

• «je veux résilier ma ligne»

“This is your first month of package you will see for the rest personally I canceled and full of my contacts also 80% they changed the supplier”

“I will throw the chip and buy another from another supplier”

“if not I try to change the operator”

“I want to cancel my line”

– The boycott of the brand

– The collective complaints

• «Le boycott du grand voleur Ooredoo»

“The boycott of the great thief Ooredoo”

– The complaint

•«ce sont des voleurs, tu dois plaindre»

• “They are thieves, you must pity”

– The reduce of patronage

– The switching

– Reducing the use of the brand

– The reduce of the sales of products

«je réfléchis sincèrement à changer le fournisseur vers Orange ou Tunisie Télécom»

«prochainement avec la portabilité des numéros on peut changer l’opérateur Ooredoo par TT ou Orange en gardant le même numéro»

«j’ai déjà acheté une puce orange moi et toute la famille»

«quand j’avais un mobile wifi télécom jamais passé avec moi ça»

«je vais jeter la puce et acheter une autre depuis un autre fournisseur»

• “I sincerely think about changing the provider to Orange or Tunisie Telecom”

• “soon with the portability of the numbers one can change the operator Ooredoo by TT or Orange keeping the same number”

• “I already bought an orange chip me and the whole family”

• “When I had a mobile wifi telecom never spent with me”

• “I will throw away the chip and buy another from another supplier”

– The revenge

– The threat

• «je vais exploser la plus proche agence de vous si vous ne me récupérez pas mes argents»

• “I will explode the nearest agency of you if you do not recover my money”

– The mock of the brand

«Slt cv bye coûte 2000  si j’appelle l’étranger, elle va coûter moins cher»

• “Slt cv bye costs 2000 If I call abroad, it will cost less”

– Narration of bad stories about the brand

«j’ai rechargé 5 dinars ils m’ont volé 2 dinars forfait et moi je ne l’aime plus!!! Quelle vole???? arrêtez de voler»

• “I reloaded 5 dinars they stole 2 dinars forfeit and I do not like it anymore!!! What theft???? Stop stealing”

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Jmour, A., Hmida, I.C.B. (2017). Not Always a Co-creation: Exploratory Study of Reasons, Emotions and Practices of the Value Co-destruction in Virtual Communities. In: Jallouli, R., Zaïane, O., Bach Tobji, M., Srarfi Tabbane, R., Nijholt, A. (eds) Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation. ICDEc 2017. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 290. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62737-3_4

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