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Women Work, Time Transfers, and Informal Welfare

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The Economic Lifecycle, Gender and Intergenerational Support

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Population Studies ((BRIEFSPOPULAT))

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Abstract

Drawing on the NTA approach, this chapter conducts an analysis of the Italian economic lifecycle and age reallocation system with a focus on gender and the non-market dimension of the economy. The results highlight the existence of reverse gender patterns in market and non-market production and transfers along the life course. Ultimately, the intergenerational contract is confirmed to be dependent on a gender contract. The combination of paid and unpaid work for women in the middle years raises concerns about the equity and sustainability of the gender contract. Results for the support system for the young show that overall familial transfers in both cash and time contribute to finance more than 50% of children’s LCD, the percentage increases to 80% for those between ages 0 and 3. Time transfers are particularly relevant for toddlers. Public care provision for the youngest children, especially nursery service, is identified as a key area of intervention to lighten the load of intergenerational obligations for women.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Sample weights are used to reproduce the demographic structure of the Italian population.

  2. 2.

    NTTA estimates presented in this chapter may show some differences from those that can be found in a previous article (Zannella 2014) due to some adjustments in the data and methods used. Estimates presented in this chapter do not include time use activities performed simulataneously. All family members should fill in the diary on the same day. For this reason, micro-data has been corrected to eliminate the influence of diaries that have been compiled on different days from members of the same family. Difference in NTTA estimates are reflected also in those for the toal economy.

  3. 3.

    The study is based on HETUS data.

  4. 4.

    It should be recalled that the profiles are calculated as population averages by age and gender and hence include both parents and individuals without children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Methods and Models for Economics, Territory and Finance, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Marina Zannella

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  1. Marina Zannella
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Correspondence to Marina Zannella .

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Zannella, M. (2017). Women Work, Time Transfers, and Informal Welfare. In: The Economic Lifecycle, Gender and Intergenerational Support. SpringerBriefs in Population Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62669-7_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62669-7_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-62667-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-62669-7

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