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Oncoimmunology pp 5–21Cite as

The Human Tumor Microenvironment

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Abstract

For a long time, cancer therapy has had as its sole objective the direct elimination of tumor cells. In case of nonmetastatic disease, this is accomplished by surgery, which removes the primary tumor. Radiotherapy and conventional chemotherapies also aimed at targeting tumor cells preferentially. The high capacity of tumor cells to divide as compared to the normal cells makes them more sensitive to agents that physically, in the case of radiotherapy, or chemically, in the case of chemotherapy, attack DNA and lead to cell death. Chemotherapies targeting mutations in tumor cells such as BRAF have been developed as well. However, these approaches also destroy the nonmalignant cells and have local and/or systemic consequences. To increase specificity toward the tumor cells, cytotoxic agents have been coupled to antibodies that bind to the tumor cells in order to allow their specific targeting to the tumor and not to the normal cells. However, the entry of such constructs into tumors still remains a major issue.

The progresses that have been accomplished in the field of tumor immunology in these last 20 years have led to a drastic change in the representation of primary tumors and metastases and to cancer treatments. Tumors are not anymore represented as a simple accumulation of cells that have undergone oncogenic processes but as a complex and dynamic structure made of tumor cells and inflamed tissue. Tumors are infiltrated with blood vessels that bring nutriments and all kinds of leukocytes inside the tumor and at its periphery, in the so-called tumor stroma that also contains matrix proteins such as collagen fibers.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all colleagues from the Cremer/Teillaud team, pathologists, clinicians, and patients who participated in the studies on the human tumor microenvironment described in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France

    Yann Vano, Nicolas A. Giraldo, Wolf Herman Fridman & Catherine Sautès-Fridman

  2. University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France

    Yann Vano, Nicolas A. Giraldo, Wolf Herman Fridman & Catherine Sautès-Fridman

  3. UPMC University Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l’ecole de médecine, F-75006, Paris, France

    Yann Vano, Nicolas A. Giraldo, Wolf Herman Fridman & Catherine Sautès-Fridman

  4. Department of Medical Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, University Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, France

    Yann Vano

  5. Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Nicolas A. Giraldo

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Correspondence to Catherine Sautès-Fridman .

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  1. Gustave Roussy Cancer Center , Villejuif Cedex, France

    Laurence Zitvogel

  2. Gustave Roussy Cancer Center , Villejuif Cedex, France

    Guido Kroemer

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Vano, Y., Giraldo, N.A., Fridman, W.H., Sautès-Fridman, C. (2018). The Human Tumor Microenvironment. In: Zitvogel, L., Kroemer, G. (eds) Oncoimmunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_2

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