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Peptide-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

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Book cover Oncoimmunology

Abstract

Peptides have attracted much interest as a platform for the induction of therapeutic T cell responses, ever since the discovery of MHC-presented protein fragments (peptides) as the antigenic basis for T cell recognition. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) recognize short peptides of 8–11 amino acids in length, presented by MHC class I molecules (HLA class I in human beings), expressed on all nucleated cell types. CD4+ T helper cells (Th) recognize the combination of slightly longer peptides of 12–15 amino acids in length in the context of HLA class II molecules, expressed mainly on cells of the immune system such as dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, and B cells. Since T cells recognize these antigen fragments (epitopes) only when expressed on cell surfaces by HLA molecules tethered to cell membranes, T cells are not distracted by free antigen in body fluids, but are specialized in the recognition and destruction of cells presenting abnormal (microbial, nonself) fragments by T cell receptors on T cells that have not been deleted in the thymus by central tolerance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISA Pharmaceuticals BV and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Cornelis J. M. Melief

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  1. Cornelis J. M. Melief
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  1. Gustave Roussy Cancer Center , Villejuif Cedex, France

    Laurence Zitvogel

  2. Gustave Roussy Cancer Center , Villejuif Cedex, France

    Guido Kroemer

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Melief, C.J.M. (2018). Peptide-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. In: Zitvogel, L., Kroemer, G. (eds) Oncoimmunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_14

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