Abstract
Exemplary of four-atom processes, the series of reactions between OH and HX to give \( {\text{H}}_{2} {\text{O}} + {\text{X}} \) (here X is a halogen atom) is one of the most studied theoretically and experimentally: the kinetics for X = Br and I manifests an unusual anti-Arrhenius behavior, namely a marked decrease of the rate constants as the temperature increases, and this has intrigued theoreticians for a long time. Motivation of the work reported in this paper is the continuation of the investigation of the stereodirectional dynamics of these reaction as the prominent reason for the peculiar kinetics, started in previous papers on X = Br. A first-principles Born-Oppenheimer ‘canonical’ molecular dynamics approach involves trajectories step-by-step generated on a potential energy surface quantum mechanically calculated on-the-fly, and thermostatically equilibrated in order to correspond to a specific temperature. Previous refinements of the method permitted a high number of trajectories at 50, 200, 350 and 500 K, for which the sampling of initial conditions allowed us to characterize the stereodynamical effect. It was confirmed also for X = I that the adjustment of the reactants’ mutual orientation in order to encounter the entrance into the ‘cone of acceptance’ is crucial for reactivity. The aperture angle of this cone is dictated by a range of directions of approach compatible with the formation of the specific HOH angle of the product water molecule; and consistently the adjustment is progressively less effective at higher the kinetic energy. Thermal rate constants from this molecular dynamics approach are discussed: provided that the systematic sampling of the canonical ensemble is adequate as in this case, quantitative comparison with the kinetic experiments is obtained.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge grants from Brazilian CAPES, FAPEG, FAPDF, CNPQ and FINATEC. V. H. Carvalho-Silva thanks PrP/UEG for research funding through PROBIP and PRO-PROJETOS programs.
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Coutinho, N.D., Carvalho-Silva, V.H., de Oliveira, H.C.B., Aquilanti, V. (2017). The \( {\mathbf{HI}}\,\varvec{ + }\,{\mathbf{OH}}\, \to \,{\mathbf{H}}_{{\mathbf{2}}} {\mathbf{O}}\, + \,{\mathbf{I}} \) Reaction by First-Principles Molecular Dynamics: Stereodirectional and anti-Arrhenius Kinetics. In: Gervasi, O., et al. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017. ICCSA 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10408. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62404-4_22
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