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The Diagnosis and Management of the Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy pp 49–97Cite as

Imaging the Gravid Female

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Abstract

Pregnant patients often present to the clinician with nonspecific acute abdominal complaints. Anatomical and physiological changes in pregnancy create unique challenges in the differential diagnosis and workup in these situations. Therefore, imaging becomes an integral step in the rapid and accurate diagnosis or exclusion of potentially life-threatening causes of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy. Clinicians and radiologists must work in concert to weigh the benefits of the various imaging modalities available in the radiological arsenal, with the potential risks of these tools (i.e., ionizing radiation) to the developing fetus and expectant mother. Condition-specific imaging algorithms can be developed by individual healthcare institutions as part of collaboration between clinicians and radiologists to help guide appropriate use of imaging.

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Abbreviations

ACOG:

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology

ACR:

American College of Radiology

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

AFLP:

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

ART:

Assisted reproductive technology

β-hCG:

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin

C-section:

Caesarian section

CT:

Computed tomography

dB:

Decibel

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

FAST:

Focused abdominal sonography for trauma

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GS:

Gestational sac

Gy:

Gray

hCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

HEELP:

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IUP:

Intrauterine pregnancy

kV:

Kilovolt

mAS:

Milliampere-second

mGy:

Milligray

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRCP:

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRU:

Magnetic resonance urography

mSV:

Millisievert

mW/cm2 :

Milliwatt per square centimeter

OHSS:

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

PID:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

RI:

Resistive index

SAR:

Specific absorption rate

SSFP:

Single-shot fast spin-echo

TOA:

Tubo-ovarian abscess

TV:

Transvaginal

US:

Ultrasound

W/kg:

Watt per kilogram

YS:

Yolk sac

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Stephanie Anne Scott MD

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Justin Stowell MD

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  1. Stephanie Anne Scott MD
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  2. Justin Stowell MD
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Correspondence to Stephanie Anne Scott MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA

    Peter Bogach Greenspan

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Scott, S.A., Stowell, J. (2018). Imaging the Gravid Female. In: Greenspan, P. (eds) The Diagnosis and Management of the Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62283-5_4

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