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Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Mangrove Wetlands

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Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the net primary productivity and carbon (C) dynamics of mangrove wetlands as related to the potential to sequester atmospheric C in above- and belowground biomass and in the soil. We discuss the large variation in ecosystem properties across different coastal environmental settings and pay particular attention to global patterns of these ecosystem processes comparing the Atlantic-East-Pacific and Indo-West-Pacific biogeographic regions. Deltaic coasts have higher aboveground biomass (AGB) compared to other continental settings, but the highest average AGB was found in high oceanic islands. The global average rates of litter fall (NPPL) and (NPPW) wood production are about 6 t ha−1 yr−1 for aboveground net primary productivity (NPPA) of about 12 t ha−1 yr−1. The relative contribution of belowground allocation to soil C storage and wood production to total net primary productivity (NPPT) in mangrove wetlands has significant implications to net C exchange in these coastal forested wetlands. Examples are given to demonstrate that net ecosystem production (NEP) and net ecosystem carbon exchange for mangrove wetlands have implications to the debate on how coastal ecosystems influence the global C budget. Wood production is about 600 g dry mass m−2 yr−1 or about 300 gC m−2 yr−1. The average C sequestration in mangroves soils (∆S org) is about 224 gC m−2 yr−1. The sum of these two measures (NPPW + ∆S org) is an estimate of NEP at about 525 gC m−2 yr−1. A general conclusion based on these different approaches, and reviewing the existing global literature, is that NEP accumulates about 500 gC m−2 yr−1, equally distributed between wood production and soil C accumulation. The importance of above and belowground contributions to global estimates of C sequestration above- and belowground reinforces the need for a better understanding of biomass allocation in these systems. The net tidal exchange of inorganic and organic carbon is about 400 gC m−2 yr−1 with nearly equal distribution in these forms of carbon to coastal waters. It is not clear how the fate of this material may influence net carbon exchange in the coastal zone, which is a very active area of research. We also suggest that more information is needed on how the disturbance of mangrove wetlands, including their recovery, may influence net carbon flux in the coastal zone.

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Acknowledgments

This work represents support from several funding sources including the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant #DBI-0620409, Grant #DEB-9910514, and Grant #DEB-1237517), Coastal SEES program of National Science Foundation (EAR-1427389), and Frontiers of Earth Surface Dynamics (OCE-1135427). Support was also provided by Louisiana Sea Grant College Program. ASR was partially supported by CAPES/CNPq Science without Borders Program (grant no. BEX1930/13-3). VHRM was partially funded by NASA-JPL project “Vulnerability Assessment of Mangrove Forest Regions of the Americas” (LSU Subcontract no. 1452878), and the Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center through Cooperative Agreement # G12AC00002. We would like to thank Paulo R. Pagliosa from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil, and Alessandra Larissa Fonseca from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil in helping to compile some of the mangrove statistics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of the Coast and the Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Robert R. Twilley, Edward Castañeda-Moya & Victor H. Rivera-Monroy

  2. Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33133, USA

    Edward Castañeda-Moya

  3. Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Andre Rovai

  4. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Andre Rovai

Authors
  1. Robert R. Twilley
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  2. Edward Castañeda-Moya
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  3. Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
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  4. Andre Rovai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert R. Twilley .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Victor H. Rivera-Monroy

  2. School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia

    Shing Yip Lee

  3. Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Erik Kristensen

  4. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Robert R. Twilley

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Twilley, R.R., Castañeda-Moya, E., Rivera-Monroy, V.H., Rovai, A. (2017). Productivity and Carbon Dynamics in Mangrove Wetlands. In: Rivera-Monroy, V., Lee, S., Kristensen, E., Twilley, R. (eds) Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62206-4_5

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