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Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective

Abstract

With only about 80 species of true mangrove trees worldwide, mangrove ecosystems comprise a relatively low number of habitat-forming tree species, but a high diversity of decomposer, detritivorous and consumer species. Although the overall level of diversity in mangrove ecosystems is low relatively to those of other key tropical habitats such as coral reefs and tropical rain forests, these species collectively support many important ecosystem services. Here, we report the broad variety of key functional and structural biodiversity components of mangrove ecosystems, with particular emphases on the decomposer, the macrobenthic invertebrate and finfish assemblages and their roles in key ecological processes. Attempt is also made to compare the biodiversity of selected groups associated with the two main biogeographic regions of habitat-forming mangroves: the species-rich Indo-West-Pacific (IWP) and the species-poor Atlantic-East-Pacific (AEP). Analysis of global data suggests that the IWP mangrove wetlands support significantly higher species richness of finfish than AEP systems, despite similar patterns of variation with latitude. While data on the other biodiversity components to date are not sufficient for an overall comparison between the two biogeographic regions, a similar difference, if existing, may have implications for the function and, therefore, ecosystem services. Mangrove biodiversity is increasingly threatened by the continual loss of mangrove forests and sustained degradation due to anthropogenic threats such as seawall construction, pollution and sea level rise. Studies on global mangrove ecosystems may contribute significantly to the understanding of the relationship between diversity and ecosystem function.

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Acknowledgements

Gareth Jones is supported by the International Research Group Program (IRG-14-27), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. We thank Prof. Simon Cragg for assistance with literature on marine borers. GA Castellanos-Galindo is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Karen Diele received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) and its support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant references HR09011) and contributing institutions. Miss Monica Dayarathane is thanked for preparing Fig. 3.2. We also thank the reviewers for constructive comments and additional references.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Simon F S Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, and Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China

    S. Y. Lee

  2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    E. B. G. Jones

  3. School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK

    K. Diele

  4. St Abbs Marine Station, St Abbs, UK

    K. Diele

  5. Departmento de Biología, Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Estuarios y Manglares, Universidad del Valle, A. A. 25360, Cali, Colombia

    G. A. Castellanos-Galindo

  6. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    G. A. Castellanos-Galindo & I. Nordhaus

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Correspondence to S. Y. Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Victor H. Rivera-Monroy

  2. School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia

    Shing Yip Lee

  3. Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Erik Kristensen

  4. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

    Robert R. Twilley

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Lee, S.Y., Jones, E.B.G., Diele, K., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Nordhaus, I. (2017). Biodiversity. In: Rivera-Monroy, V., Lee, S., Kristensen, E., Twilley, R. (eds) Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62206-4_3

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